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Vedoucí ústavu:	doc. Ing. Michael Pohořelý, Ph.D.	e 22044 3051
Tajemnice:	Ing. Hana Juklíčková	e 22044 3125
Adresa:	Ústav energetiky VŠCHT Praha Technická 3 166 28 Praha 6
Tel.:	+420 22044 3125
E-mail:	hana.juklickova@vscht.cz

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V roce 1920 profesor Schulz založil Ústav pro technologii paliv, svítiv a vody na nově vzniklé Vysoké škole chemicko-technologického inženýrství (VŠCHTI), která vznikla při reorganizaci pražské polytechniky jako jedna ze sedmi vysokých škol v rámci Českého vysokého učení technického.

V roce 1921 došlo k rozdělení tohoto ústavu na Ústav technologie paliv a svítiv a na Ústav technologie vody.

V roce 1952 došlo k vyčlenění Vysoké školy chemicko-technologického inženýrství ze svazku ČVUT. Vysoká škola byla rozdělena na tři fakulty. Fakultu anorganické technologie, Fakultu organické technologie a Fakultu potravinářské technologie.

V roce 1953 došlo k přejmenování VŠCHTI na dnešní název Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze. V tomto roce také došlo k připojení Fakulty technologie paliv, která byla v roce 1959 přejmenována na Fakultu technologie paliv a vody. Na této fakultě byly vybudovány čtyři katedry: Katedra syntetických paliv, Katedra koksárenství a plynárenství, Katedra technologie páry a topení a Katedra technologie vody.

Katedra technologie páry a topení byla 1. 9. 1954 přejmenována na Katedru tepelné techniky a jejím vedením pověřen Prof. Dr. Ing. František Karas, DrSc., přední odborník a znalec technologické praxe. Prvními asistenty byli Ing. Miroslav Očenášek, Ing. Jaroslav Eliášek a Ing. Josef Pelikán.

Katedra tepelné techniky zajišťovala výuku předmětů „Tepelná technika“ pro studenty všech fakult VŠCHT Praha. Dále pak předmět „Technologie páry“ pro studenty specializace „Technologie vody“. Katedra také zajišťovala výuku na strojní fakultě ČVUT předmětem „Úprava vody pro parní kotle“. Vlastní specializaci katedra nezajišťovala. Od vzniku Katedry tepelné techniky až do roku 1965 byly na katedře vypracovány diplomové práce několika posluchačů specializace „Technologie vody“ se zaměřením témat na energetiku, které byly ovšem obhájeny v rámci specializace „Technologie vody“.

Od roku 1966 posluchači studují podle vlastního studijního programu a diplomové práce obhajují před komisí pro zaměření „Energetika“. Prvními absolventy Katedry tepelné techniky byli v roce 1966 Ing. Jaromír Berger, Ing. Jaroslav Cvejn, Ing. Zdeněk Hradil, Ing. Josef Kočica, Ing. František Mencl a Ing. Petr Píchal.

Ohlas a význam činnosti katedry byl oceněn a zdůrazněn požadavkem tehdejší Hlavní správy energetiky na výchovu specializovaných chemických inženýrů pro potřeby energetiky. Katedra tepelné techniky získala akreditaci pro studijní zaměření „Energetika“ realizované v rámci studijního oboru „Chemické a energetické zpracování paliv“. Současně se získáním akreditace byla Katedra tepelné techniky přejmenována v roce 1986 na Katedru energetiky.

V roce 1991 došlo k rozšíření studijních oborů a také ke změně názvu fakulty na Fakultu technologie ochrany prostředí. V témže roce byla Katedra energetiky přejmenována na současný Ústav energetiky.

v minulosti na ústavu působili:
prof. Ing. František Karas, DrSc.	1953 - 1966	Emilie Truxová	- 1981
prof. Ing. Jaroslav Eliášek, DrSc.	1953 - 1990	Miroslav Rosa	- 1990
Ing. Miroslav Očenášek, CSc.	1953 - 1993	Oldřich Dvořák	- 1998
prof. Ing. Josef Pelikán, CSc.	1953 - 2000	Eva Kroutilová	1981 - 1997
doc. Ing. František Panáček, CSc.	1961 - 2001	Ing. Vladimír Talášek, CSc.	1990 - 1993
doc. Ing. Jan Vošta, CSc.	1962 - 2016	Oldřich Plášil	1990 - 2010
Ing. Josef Kočica	1966 - 2011	Ing. Radek Novotný, Ph.D.	2000 - 2010
prof. Ing. Zdeněk Matějka, CSc	1972 - 2006	Ing. Pavel Hübner, CSc.	2004 - 2006
Milan Smrž	1974 - 1993	Naděžda Borovičková	1998 - 2014
Jaroslav Holub	- 1990	Ing. Miroslava Novotná, CSc.	1990 - 2021
Ing. Ladislav Včelák, CSc.	1975 - 1995	Ing. Kryštof Dobrovolný	2019 - 2022
Ing. Vít Hlucháň, CSc.	1979 - 1991	Ing. David Bouška	1996- 2023

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originál

historické foto: horní řada z leva - Ing. Očenášek; Ing. Včelák; J. Holub; doc. Panáček; doc. Vošta; Ing. Talášek; dolní řada z leva - E.Truxová; prof. Karas; prof. Eliášek; prof. Pelikán

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doc. Ing. Jan VOŠTA, CSc. (*1940 - †2016)

1986 - 1991 vedoucí Katedry energetiky

1991 - 1997 vedoucí Ústavu energetiky

2002 - 2005 vedoucí Ústavu energetiky

Narozen v roce 1940 v Táboře.

Absolvoval reálné gymnázium v Táboře a Fakultu technologie paliv a vody VŠCHT v Praze. Po absolutoriu v roce 1962 nastoupil jako vědecký aspirant a obhájil kandidátskou disertační práci na téma „Příspěvek k hodnocení mořících inhibitorů“ v roce 1965. V roce 1978 obhájil habilitační práci s názvem „Studium inhibitorů koroze pro moření parních generátorů“ a téhož roku byl jmenován docentem pro obor „Tepelná technika“.

V roce 1973 mu byla udělena cena Emila Votočka.

Sajdl, P., Janda, V., Vosta, J., Macak, J., Racek, J. Corrosion inhibitor for natural gas recovery, transportation and storage facility (2011), patent CZ 302855 B6 20111214.

In the present invention, there is disclosed a corrosion inhibitor for natural gas recovery, transportation and storage facility contg. 45 to 55 percent by wt. of propargyl alc., 23 to 27 percent by wt. of dimethylbenzyllaurylammonium bromide, 20 to 26 percent by wt. of triethanolamine phosphate and 0.5 to 1.0 percent by wt. of fatty acid alkanolamide. In case of more corrosive environment, the inhibitor of the present invention further comprises 0.2 to 0.5 percent by wt. of ethanolamines, and optionally 0.2 to 0.5 percent by wt. of octadecylamine in the form of 10 percent emulsion.

Macak, J., Janda, V., Vosta, J. Removal of deposits and inhibition of corrosion on heat-exchange surfaces of power plants (2011), patent CZ 302805 B6 20111116.

The invented method for removing deposits on heat-exchange surfaces of power plants and inhibition of corrosion of these plants in which water is used with a Hp value adjusted to alkali region is characterized in that organophosphonic acids are added to water during continuous cleaning in an amt. of 2 to 5 mg per 1 L of a circulating and/or cooling medium, which organophosphonic acids prevent pptn. of deposits of carbonate nature onto heat-exchange surfaces or due to reaction thereof with calcium and magnesium ions the heat-exchange surfaces can optionally be cleaned, and in that there are also added compds. of chelating nature being selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), EDTA (EDT), hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), etylenediaminetetraphosphonic acid or salts thereof in an amt. of 5 to 10 mg per 1 L of the circulating and/or cooling medium, and further polyacrylamides in an amt. of 0.5 to 10 mg per 1 L of the cooling medium. Further, there is advantageous to add 10 percent octadecylamine emulsion, zinc anion or, particularly for nuclear steam generators, hydrogen peroxide.

Macak, J., Janda, V., Vosta, J. Composition for alkalization and anti-corrosive protection of power generating equipment (2011), patent CZ 302467 B6 20110601.

A compn., which is intended for alkalization and anti-corrosive protection of power generating equipment, in 1 L of water contains 0.1-5 g of a volatile alkalization agent selected from the group consisted of piperidine, ammonium, hydrazine, or morpholine, 0.1-5 g of a film-forming amine selected from the group consisted of octadecylamine, dioctadecylamine, hexadecylamine, dodecylamine, and derivs. thereof, and 0.1-5 g of polyethylene glycol and/or ethoxylated fatty acids, and/or ethoxylated fatty alcs. enabling emulsification of amines and increasing their adherence to the equipment surface. In order to enhance the emulsification capability, the compn. further contains 0.1-5 g of alkanolamide of coconut oil acids functioning as a surface-active agent. Preferably, the compn. further contains 0.1-5 g of ethanolamine and derivs. thereof, prolonging alkalization of the equipment surface. When using the compn. for low-pressure and medium-pressure boilers and high-pressure barrel-type boilers, it is advantageous to add NaOH and/or Na₃PO₄·12H₂O.

Buryan, P., Vosta, J., Vodrazka, S., Svozil, L. Means against settlement of deposits Petroleum and Coal (2010), 52(3), 179-182.

A new method for removing high mol. org. deposits left by crude oil and natural gas with the help of a new patented prepn.

Macak, J.,Pazderova, M., Jiricek, I., Maly, P., Olysar, K., Cvrcek, L., Vosta, J., Corrosion properties of physically deposited thin coatings Chemické Listy (2007), 101(9), 713-721.

A review. Sputtering, the 1st invented phys. vapor deposition (PVD) coating technol. was known for >150 years. Although the PVD and related technologies were commercialized for over 70 years, their expansion in the last 20 years has become enormous - from decorative and cutting tool to special optical applications and microelectronics. This is due to their excellent properties such as chem. inertness, hardness, tribol., tribochem. and optical properties. In many applications the PVD coatings are exposed to corrosive environments. Also, PVD coatings of environment-friendly nature are often considered to be potential successors of Cd-based anticorrosion coatings. This fact promotes numerous studies of corrosion properties of thin coatings. Hard coatings (including nitrides, carbides and oxides) are usually more corrosion-resistant than the base material. Some of them (e.g. Ti nitride, the most common PVD coating) have columnar microstructure which brings about the possibility of high micropore d. In local defects and/or pores, local corrosion can be promoted by galvanic effects. This type of hard coatings is useless for anticorrosion purposes. As perspective anticorrosion coatings, PVD-deposited Al-based coatings are frequent subjects of studies. Similarly to Cd coatings, they usually provide sacrificial properties, which can be enhanced by alloying with Mg. Tribol. properties and corrosion resistance can be enhanced by alloying with Mo. Given the excellent flexibility, adaptability of PVD technol. and its ability to deposit multilayers or graded coatings, new coatings with functional properties comparable with traditional anticorrosion coating systems could be developed.

Buryan, P., Vosta, J., Vodrazka S. Composition for removal of high-molecular organic deposits from crude oil and natural gas (2007), patent CZ 297597 B6 20070110.

A compn. is disclosed for removing high-mol. org. deposits from crude oil and natural gas. The compn. contains ≥50 wt.% hydrocarbon mixt. b.120-320° at a pressure of 101.325 kPa and 0.001-10 wt.% ≥1 surface-active compd. based on reaction products of fatty acids and amines. The surface-active compd. also contains both free initial amines and fatty acids. Preferably, the compn. also contains 0.003-3 wt.% defoaming agent selected from a group of C1-10 alcs. Further, the compn. also contains 0.0002-5 wt.% corrosion inhibitor selected from a group consisting of propargyl alc., propargyl alc. dissolved in ≥1 C1-10 alc., and/or dibenzosulfoxide dissolved in ≥1 C1-10 alc. The deposits are treated with the compn. at a temp. ranging from -20 to 130° and at a pressure of ≤21.00 MPa. The compn. is suitable for prodn., transportation, storage, and refining of crude oil and natural gas.

Pohorely, M.; Vosecky, M.; Hejdova, P.; Puncochar, M.; Skoblja, S.; Staf, M.; Vosta, J.; Koutsky, B.; Svoboda, K. Gasification of coal and PET in fluidized bed reactor Fuel (2006), 85(17-18), 2458-2468.

Blended fuel comprising 23 wt.% polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) and 77 wt.% brown coal was gasified in an atm. fluidized bed gasifier of lab.-scale. The gasification agent was composed of 10 vol.% O2 in bulk of nitrogen. Thermal and texture analyses were carried out to det. the basic properties of the fuel components. The influence of exptl. conditions, such as the fluidized bed and freeboard temps. on major and minor gas components and tar content, as well as features of the blended fuel gasification in comparison with the single coal gasification, were studied. In the case of coal with PET gasification, only the fluidized bed temp. showed significant influence on CO, CO2, CH4 and H2 content in the producer gas, whereas the effect of the freeboard temp. was insignificant. In single coal gasification both temps. had considerable and almost the same influence. The content of minor components, such as ethane, ethylene, acetylene and benzene, was found to be more dependent on the freeboard temp. than on the fluidized bed temp. It was obsd. that the higher the freeboard temps. get, the lower is the concn. of the minor components, with the exception of acetylene. The abs. contents of almost all minor and tar components were approx. three times higher in blended fuel gasification than that in single coal gasification. Finally, partition of carbon (char) and selected metals into bottom and cyclone ash in gasification of both fuels is discussed.

Smrz, M., Vosta, J., Nemec, M., Urban, P., Method of extract production with content of terpene and humin substances (1992), patent CS 275233 B2 19920219.

Smrz, M.,Vosta, J., Macak, J., Pelikan, J.,; Vavrin, J., Lohnisky, J.,Novotny, M., Horak, Z., Vana, O. et al. Corrosion inhibitor for energetic gases' exploitation,transportation and storage equipment (1991), patent CS 274680 B2 19910915.

Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Horak, Z., Slama, O. Method of anticorrosive steel protection (1991), patent CS 274321 B1 19910411.

Varga, L., Smrz, M., Vosta, J., Mares, O. Agent for steel surfaces cleaning (1991), patent CS 274320 B1 19910411.

Smrz, M.,Vosta, J. Method of steel's corrosive inertization (1991), patent CS 274319, B1 19910411.

Smrz, M., Vosta, J., Bartos, M., Non-toxic anticorrosive agent (1991),patent CS 274318, B1 19910411.

Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Oliva, L., Horak, Z.,Pelikan, J., Macak, J.,Viden, I., Kratochvil, J., Vavrin, J. Directional corrosion inhibitor (1990),patent CS 268318 B1 19900314.

Smrz, M., Vosta, J., Simana, J. Method of glands' and packings' asbestic segments' anticorrosion and hygienic treatment (1990), patent CS 268317 B1 19900314.

Pelikan, J.,Smrz, M., Slama, O., Vosta, J. Alkaline preservation liquid (1990), patent CS 268316 B1 19900314.

Macak, J., Sajdl, P., Kucera, P., Novotny, R., Vosta, J. In situ electrochemical impedance and noise measurements of corroding stainless steel in high temperature wate Electrochimica Acta (2006), 51(17), 3566-3577.

An in situ corrosion study of austenitic stainless steel 08CH18N10T in high temp. H2O was performed. The material under study is used in the construction of steam generator of PWR (pressurized H₂O reactor) nuclear power stations and is similar to AISI 321 stainless steel. In situ 300-h tests were performed under autoclave conditions at 280° and 8 MPa and consisted of impedance measurements, polarization measurements and electrochem. noise measurements. The expts. were performed in deionized H₂O with the pH adjusted to 9.5, in the presence/absence of chlorides. An addnl. modification of corrosivity was achieved by changing oxygen concn. A detailed anal. of the impedance data is presented identifying in the impedance spectra contributions of oxide, corrosion reaction, double layer and diffusion process. A good agreement was found between corrosion data from electrochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and that from electrochem. noise (EN) measurements. The oxide response cannot be attributed to the overall oxide layer but only to the part corresponding to the space charge layer, thus indicating the semi-conductive character of the oxide.

Novotny, R., Sajdl, P.,Vosta, J., Macak, J. The initiation and propagation of stress corrosion cracks in high temperature and high pressure conditions, Edited Moody, N. R. , Hydrogen Effects on Material Behavior and Corrosion Deformation Interactions, Proceedings of the International Conference on Hydrogen Effects on Material Behavior and Corrosion Deformation Interaction, Moran, WY, United States, Sept. 22-26, 2002 (2003), 791-798.

This work represents a study of environmentally assisted cracking in high temp. and high pressure conditions by Rising Displacement Tests (RDT). It appeared that the crucial part of RDT was crack initiation point definition. The aim of these expts. was threshold stress intensity factor KISCC, and threshold value calcd. from J integral KJSCC detn., crack growth kinetics detn. by ACPD technique, and evaluation of the influence of various displacement rates on tests results. We tested two kinds of materials: reactor pressure steel 15ChNMFA and austenitic stainless steels A316H in various environments, primary circuit soln. VVER 1000 (15Ch2NMFA) and water soln. with defined Cl^- concn. (100 mg/l in case of A316H stainless steel). We used the ACPD technique for crack initiation and propagation observation. The specimens were analyzed by optical microscopy and SEM after concluding of the expt. Reactor pressure steel 15Ch2NMFA is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. Stress corrosion crack initiation and propagation was obsd. along the whole fracture surface. We managed to det. that the threshold intensity factor KJSCC equals 63 MPa.m1/2. We achieved good agreement with similar tests carried out in Nuclear Research Institute. Expts. with stainless steel AISI 316H were only partly successful. We achieved stress corrosion crack initiation in expts. with low displacement rates. Problems appeared in Expts. with high displacement rates because of large plastic strain zone generation at the crack tip shortly after beginning the expt.

Machnikova, E.; Koutsky, M.; Hrdlicka, F.; Vosta, J. Combustion efficiency and emissions in the combustion of biomass in stoves Chemické Listy (2003), 97(3), 171-178.

The paper presents mass and enthalpy balances in the combustion of biomass in stoves. The first part of the paper concerns the biomass as an alternative source of energy, the combustion processes, formation of emissions and the method of calcn. of mass and enthalpy balances. In the second part, exptl. data are presented involving four types of fuels: foliate pellets, mixed pellets, "American" pellets and sludge pellets of the bituminous coal type. The efficiency of the stove was calcd. for all the fuels by using mass and enthalpy balances. In addn., anal. of products of incomplete combustion, such as CxHy, volatile org. compds., persistent org. pollutants (polycyclic arom. hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzodioxines and dibenzofurans) was performed.

Triskova, J., Niznansky, D., Novotna, M., Macak, J., Vosta, J. Spectroscopic study of iron oxide scale composition on inner surfaces of steam pipes Koroze a Ochrana Materialu (2002), 46(3), 57-61.

Compn. of an oxide corrosion scale on the inner surfaces of steam generator pipes was examd. by using Moesbauer spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. The scale compn. depended on operation conditions of power plants. Both methods are suitable for detn. of genesis and morphol. of the scale. The main components were magnetite and hematite. The oxide scale was thin, compact, and cryst.

Mutombo, P.; Sajdl, P.; Vosta, J.; Matocha, K. The effect of dibenzylsulfoxide and sodium phosphate on the stress corrosion cracking of steels Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials (1998), 45(1), 38-40.

The inhibition of stress corrosion cracking of steels 22K and 0Ch18N10T in citric acid and sodium chloride was investigated. The effect of dibenzylsulfoxide (I) and Na₃PO₄inhibitors was established by means of the slow strain rate technique. I decreases susceptibility of the steels to stress corrosion. Na₃PO₄ inhibits stress corrosion of 22K, but increases the susceptibility of 0Ch18N10T steel to stress corrosion.

Mutombo, P.; Pospisil, L.; Fiedler, J.; Cejka, J.; Karhan, J.; Vosta, J. The polarographic behavior of the corrosion inhibitor dibenzyl sulfoxide Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry (1996), 405(1-2), 223-226.

D.c. and a.c. polarog. data confirm that the corrosion inhibitor dibenzyl sulfoxide is reducible in its protonated form at the mercury electrode. The two-electron redn. process yields dibenzyl sulfide as the major product. Both oxidized and reduced forms are strongly adsorbed on mercury and exert inhibition properties for the hydrogen evolution reaction.

Mindl, J., Vosta, J., Kutej, P.,Davidek, J. Study of the ecologically benign inhibitors of corrosion Chemické Listy (1995), 89(8), 518-25.

The work presents the use of the natural substances as inhibitors of corrosion. These substances are food-industry products, semiproducts or wastes. Electrochem. methods (polarization curves, EIS spectroscopy), wt.-loss method, and Moessbauer spectroscopy were used for studying inhibition behavior. Expts. have shown that the best inhibitors among the substances are beery yeast, gelatin, bone glue and ext. from the spruce crust. Org. natural substances are non-toxic and cheaper than com. inhibitors but are less biol. stable.

Jiricek, I.; Vosta, J.; Macak, J.; Fikar, J.; Liska, F. Ecologically acceptable N-based compounds in corrosion inhibition in acidic media, Annali dell'Universita di Ferrara, Sezione 5: Chimica Pura ed Applicata, Supplemento (1995), 10(8th European Symposium on Corrosion Inhibitors, 1995, Vol. 1), 235-44.

Selected amides of fatty acids with 16-18 carbon atoms in mol. and mol. wt. of 300-400 were investigated to find a perspective ecol. supplement to corrosion inhibitors used nowadays in acidic environments. Wt.-loss, potentiodynamic polarization, impedance spectroscopy and hydrogen penetration were among the methods used in the study. Results show that good protection can be expected from all org. compds. investigated. Inhibition efficiency of 90-97% at room temp. can be expected. Effectiveness is decreased with increasing temp. Addn. of inhibitor into soln. also affects hydrogen transport through the carbon steel sheet material.

Macak, J.; Vosta, J.; Hackerman, N. A study of iron corrosion inhibition by some aromatic nitriles From Annali dell'Universita di Ferrara, Sezione 5: Chimica Pura ed Applicata, Supplemento (1995), 10(8th European Symposium on Corrosion Inhibitors, 1995, Vol. 1), 179-85.

The inhibition effects of benzonitrile (BN), 1,2-dicyanobenzene (1,2-DCB), 1,4-dicyanobenzene (1,4-DCB) and of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) on the corrosion of pure polycryst. iron (99.9985%) in hydrochloric acid was studied by the electrochem. polarization and impedance spectroscopy techniques. The inhibition was found to decrease in the following sequence: BN > 1,4-DCB > 1,2-DCB > TCNQ. The polar properties of the mols. and energies and coeffs. of the MOs calcd. by means of EHT method were taken into account in the discussion.

Pingo, M.; Vosta, J.; Pancir, J.; Haslingerova, I. Topological study of crack growth on iron crystal Applied Surface Science (1995), 90(3), 373-6.

The aim of this work consists in theor. calcns. of the charge distribution in the crack of an Fe semi-infinite crystal by using the quantum topol. MO-LCAO method to formulate general ideas on corrosion mechanisms during the Stress Corrosion Cracking. The model suggested describes the cracking by a successive removal of atoms in the direction of a slot formation. It appears that at. charges are substantially changed in the course of slot formation which can cause the increase of the reactivity of corrosion particles as the crack is formed.

Kutej, P.; Vosta, J.; Pancir, J.; Hackerman, N. Electrochemical and quantum chemical study of propargyl alcohol adsorption on iron Journal of the Electrochemical Society (1995), 142(6), 1847-50.

A quantum chem. topol. method was used to det. probable adsorption modes of propargyl alc. at an Fe surface. Based on the results, the most probable adsorption mode is one in which both carbon atoms forming triple bonds interact with the surface Fe atom. Another important finding is that the adsorption seems to be possible only at a surface partially covered by adsorbed H. Chronoamperometric expts. were used to study current changes resulting from injection of inhibitor at different potentials. Results support the relation between the presence of adsorbed H and inhibitor sorption and indicate that adsorption of propargyl alc. is reversible.

Kutej, P.; Vosta, J.; Pancir, J.; Macak, J.; Hackerman, N. Electrochemical and quantum chemical study of dibenzyl sulfoxide adsorption on iron Journal of the Electrochemical Society (1995), 142(3), 829-34.

Electrochem. techniques (potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) were used to study the effect of dibenzyl sulfoxide adsorption on the dissoln. of iron in 5% hydrochloric acid. To discuss different proposed mechanisms of dibenzyl sulfoxide adsorption at the iron surface a quantum chem. topol. method was used, which is suitable for studying the interaction of org. mols. with metal surfaces. Based on the results of the topol. modeling, adsorption followed by redn. of dibenzyl sulfoxide to sulfide is most favorable. EIS shows the possible effect dibenzyl sulfoxide has on the electrochem. desorption of adsorbed hydrogen. Topol. studies indicate strengthening of the bond of the adsorbed hydrogen to the metal due to adsorption of the inhibitor.

Kutej, P.; Vosta, J.; Bartos, M. Reactivity of organic substances at the surface of metal Edited by Costa, Josep M.; Mercer, Antony Donald, Prog. Understanding Prev. Corros., [Pap. Eur. Corros. Congr.], 10th (1993), 2, 896-9.

Various org. substances were studied by electrochem. methods in acid environment (5% HCl) as corrosion inhibitors. The most interesting substance proved to be propargyl alc. (PG), not only for its efficiency, but also for its action at the interface. A quantum chem. approach was used to explain this activity.

Smrz, Milan; Vosta, Jan; Macak, Jan; Pelikan, Josef; Kudlicka, Jaroslav Corrosion passivation of steel (1991), patent CS 272104 B1 19910115.

Steels in a carbonate-contg. medium are passivated by enrichment of the medium by adding 150-1500 mg Fe³⁺/L. Optionally, the enrichment is done by electrochem. generation of ions for 0.5-10 min at a c.d. of 0.5-10 A/m². Thus, C steel exposed to an aq. soln. contg. 20 K₂CO₃ and 10% KHCO₃ was passivated by adding 500 mgFe³⁺/L soln. in the form of an EDTA complex at 65°. The passivation was more efficient than that attained with conventional K₂CrO₄.

Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Kurfurst, A., Kubis, R., Hanes, I. Reducing agents in acid pickling and cleaning baths for the systems containing steel and copper parts (1991), CS 274988, B2 19911217.

The aq. baths contain an inorg. acid or C1-C6 carboxylic acid 3-15, a corrosion inhibitor (esp. sulfoxide and/or quinoline deriv.) 0.01-1, and an org. reducing agent 0.2-5%. The reducing agent acts as a corrosion inhibitor for steel, and reduces Fe3+ ions in the soln. to prevent corrosion of Cu and its alloys. A descaling and pickling bath for corroded heat exchangers is typically aq. 15% HCl, and contains dibenzyl sulfoxide 0.2, benzyldimethyllaurylammonium chloride 0.1, and hydrazine hydrate (as reducing agent) 0.5%. The corrosion inhibition in this bath is 96% for C steel and 93% for Cu, vs. 87 and 39% resp. in the absence of reducing agent.

Pelikan, J., Macak, J., Vosta, J. Corrosion and corrosion inhibition of aluminum alloys for central heating radiators Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1990), D58, 175-90.

The corrosion resistance of Al alloys, used for central heating radiators, was studied by using an electrochem. technique and by using circuits in which actual operation conditions were simulated. Both types of expts. were also used for estn. of effectiveness of a corrosion inhibitor mixt. of benzotriazole, Na silicate, and phenylacetic acid. Electrochem. characteristics were obtained from anodic polarization data and polarization resistance measurements. Parameters of the elec. macroelements Al alloy/brass and Al alloy/steel, and time dependence of the gas vol. were detd.

Smrz, M., Vosta, J.,; Cimicka, H. Deposits and corrosion damage of steam turbine blades Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1990), D58, 191-208.

The effect of deposits and their chem. compn. on cracking of steam turbine blades was evaluated. Various deposits on AK1 steel blades from low-pressure and high-pressure sections were analyzed. The deposits from failed blades contained considerably more SiO₂. However, each type of pptd. deposits originating from feed water and fatigue loading of blades resulted in stress corrosion cracking.

Bartos, M., Macak, J., Vosta, J. Effect of chemical structure of organic compounds on the corrosion inhibition of metals Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1990), D58, 139-65.

In a review with 67 refs., a relation between chem. structure of org. compds. and their effectiveness as corrosion inhibitors is discussed. Use of quantum chem. calcns. with various approxns., semiempirical methods, and empirical methods for evaluation is described.

Macak, J., Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Pelikan, J.,; Hluchan, V., Vymetal, J., Vavrin, J. Corrosion inhibitor for fuel gas production (1991), patent CS 270917 B1 19900814.

The corrosion inhibitor consists of abietic acid (I) 5-45, dibenzylsulfoxide (II) 0.5-7, heterocyclic N bases 10-30, condensation products of C2-8 alkenylamines and C8-22 fatty acids 5-50, aliph. C8-22 amines 0.5-7, and morpholine (III) 0.5-15 wt.%. The corrosion inhibitor is sol. in org. solvents down to -15°, and condensation products of alkenylamine and fatty acids hydrolyzed at elevated temps. function also as corrosion inhibitors. Thus, the corrosion inhibitor was prepd. by mixing a 5% II soln. in quinoline bases d. 243-253° 17, III 15, I 36, a condensation product of diethylenetriamine with fatty acids 25, and octadecylamine (as 10% soln. in EtOH) 7 wt.%. The corrosion inhibitor was added to a model aq. soln. of AcOH, NaCl, and Na₂S. Efficiency of corrosion inhibition for C steel specimens was 97.1%.

Macak, J., Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Pelikan, J., Hluchan, V., Vymetal, J., Vavrin, J. Corrosion inhibitor for petroleum atmospheric distillation equipment (1991), patent CS 270916 B1 19900814.

The corrosion inhibitor consists of dibenzylsulfoxide (I) 0.5-10, heterocyclic N bases 10-40, C2-8 amines as an alkalization component 20-60, and optionally surfactants 0.5-35 wt.%. The amines neutralize HCl(g), formed by hydrolysis of chlorides in petroleum during distn., to form noncorrosive alkylammonium chlorides which also have a synergistic effect on the adsorption components of the inhibitor (i.e., T + heterocyclic N bases). The surfactants have also a synergistic effect. Thus, 10 ppm corrosion inhibitor consisting of a 7% I soln. in quinoline bases b. 245-275° 30, diethylamine 50, and a condensation product of diethylenetriamine and oleic acid (as surfactant) 20 wt.% was added to a model soln. simulating a water condensate during atm. distn. of petroleum. Efficiency of corrosion inhibition for C steel specimens was 96.4%.

Matocha, K., Hluchan, V., Wozniak, J., Jiricek, I., Vosta, J. Effect of the medium on the crack-growth resistance of steel CSN 41 6445 Kovové Materiály (1991), 29(4), 271-7.

The fatigue crack growth rate was studied in CSN 416445 steel exposed to stress corrosion in water in a lab. autoclave at 295°. The kinetics of fatigue crack growth in a secondary water circuit (pH 9, dissolved O < 15 ppm) in a pressurized-water nuclear reactor were only insignificantly influenced by the corrosion medium. Susceptibility of the steel to stress corrosion cracking was not obsd. An increase of the dissolved O content to 8 ppm resulted in fatigue crack growth, esp. at low frequencies. Stress corrosion cracking was identified as a major factor for degrdn. in the air-satd. environment.

Smrz, M., Vosta, J., Grym, I., Svoboda, K., Kudlicka, J., Vek, V. Corrosion inhibitor for carbon dioxide scrubbers (1990), patent CS 263098 B1 19890414.

The corrosion inhibitor contains 50-99.9 wt.% of benzotriazole, mercaptobenzothiazole (I), mercaptobenzimidazole or their derivs., and 0.1-50 wt.% of a surfactant contg. ≥1 quaternary ammonium compds., sulfosuccinic acid esters, alkylarylsuflfonates, heterocyclic N compds. (e.g., quinolines, isoquinolines, and pyridines), arom. sulfoxides, alkali metal phosphates, or alkali metal borates. The corrosion inhibitor is suitable for protection of steel parts used in CO₂ scrubbers, esp. during H manuf. by steam reforming of hydrocarbons. The inhibitor is nontoxic, does not interfere with activators for the K₂CO₃ scrubbing soln., and is easily removed from the spent scrubbing soln. by pptn. with CO2+. Thus, 200 ppm mixt. of I 75, quinoline distn. residue 15, and dimethylaurylbenzylammonium hydroxide 10 wt.% was added to a scrubbing soln. for CO₂ removal. The anticorrosion efficiency for steel parts was 99.4%.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Macak, J. Thiocyanato and mercapto compounds as inhibitors for iron corrosion in hydrochloric acid Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1989), D57, 271-80.

Use of thiocyanato and mercapto compds. as corrosion inhibitors for 99.999% Fe in 5% HCl was evaluated by using polarization potentiodynamic curves. The 4-thiocyanatoaniline, 6-aminothiophenol, and 4-thiocyanotolbenzoic acid had suitable inhibition properties. According to quantum chem. data, the compds. in a nonprotonized state acted as electron donors during sorption on Fe. The protonized forms of substituted anilines were considered in the quantum calcns.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Vanek, F. Inhibition of class 15 steel corrosion in hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids on RDE [rotating disk electrode], Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1989), D57, 237-53.

Pickling of CSN 15121 boiler steel by 2% HF or 5% HCl was investigated under laminar flow conditions. To inhibit corrosion, several inhibitors were investigated. In the case of HF, pitting corrosion was obsd. Efficiency of the most inhibitors was 95-98%. Corrosion in HCl was evaluated according to the corrosion elec. current and slope of the linear portion of the polarization curves.

Vosta, J. Time dependence of the electrical double-layer capacitance during corrosion inhibition from the standpoint of quantum chemistry Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1989), D57, 281-4.

Capacitance of the elec. double-layer in dependence of time is discussed from the standpoint of quantum chem. Measurements were performed by the single pulse method at a no. of p-substituted anilines as inhibitors of iron corrosion in 6N hydrochloric acid at a temp. of 25° at the corrosion potential. The values of HOMO orbital computed by the LCAO method to the considered compds. are in agreement with the capacitance measurement. With lower sorption i.e. with lower inhibition, i.e. with increased capacitance value, the energy of the HOMO orbital decreased.

Vosta, J.; Hackerman, N. The dependence of capacitance on time in an acid inhibition corrosion process Corrosion Science (1990), 30(8-9), 949-50.

The HOMO and double layer capacitance are given for para-substituted anilines (e.g. SH, SCN, NH₂, OH, Br, COCH₃, NO₂, CH₃, H, SO₃H). Corrosion measurements were performed by the single pulse method of these para-substituted inhibitors of Fe corrosion in 6N HCl at 25°. With lower sorption, and consequent lower inhibition and increased capacitance value, the energy of the HOMO is on the decrease and hence the donor capability of this series of compds. is progressively less.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J.,Smrz, M. Pyridine derivatives as inhibitors of iron corrosion in hydrochloric acid Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1989), D57, 255-70.

The corrosion inhibitor action of pyridine and its derivs. for 99.99% Fe in 5% HCl was investigated by using polarization potentiodynamic curves. Isonicotinic acid nitrile and 4-acetyl pyridine were the best inhibitors. To support the inhibiting action, the Hammett consts. were used and correlated with the Tafel slope in the cathodic and anodic parts. The quantum chem. evaluation confirmed the accepting effect in the sorption of compds.

Laskafeld, D., Slepanek, A., Vosta, J. Manufacture of high-purity chlorosilanes (1989), patent CS 261343 B1 19890112.

The title manuf. comprises purifying liq. and gaseous chlorosilanes, before further being used, as well as mixts. of chlorosilanes with other gases, by microfiltration through a microfilter which is resistant to the filtering media. The microfilter is preferably a polyfluorohydrocarbon having pores

Talasek, V., Vosta, J.,Mostecky, J. Corrosion and erosion inhibitor (1989), patent CS 259679 B1 19881014.

Piperidine (I) is used as a corrosion inhibitor, erosion inhibitor, and volatile alkalization agent for steam-water circulation systems in elec. power plants. I is added in the form of a dild. aq. soln. into the water section of the steam-water circuit to obtain pH 9-9.2. Thus, 2 mg I/L water was added to a system generating steam at 4.7 MPa and 259°. The corrosion-erosion rate (as metal wt. loss) was decreased by 60% by using I.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Hluchan, V., Corrosion inhibitor for aluminum alloys in aqueous medium (1989), patent CS 258861 B1 19880916.

The corrosion in a closed heating system contg. a circulating aq. medium is prevented by adding Na phenylacetate (I) 30-80, Na₂SiO₃ 40-100, and 1,2,3-benzotriazole (II) 5-15 mg/L. The circulating water in an Al alloy radiator is mixed with I 60,Na₂SiO₃ 60, nd II 10 mg/L, and no corrosion was obsd. after long-term service.

Bartos, M., Macak, J., Vosta, J., Pelikan, J. Study of an inhibited corrosion reaction. IV. Evaluation of the behavior of p-halo-substituted anilines using an a.c. impedance technique Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1988), D56, 291-321.

Sorption reaction of p-halogen substituted anilines on the surface of an Fe rotating disk electrode in 5% HCl was investigated by means of the faradaic impedance method. Values of corrosion currents were detd., from polarization measurements. Impedance spectra were measured at open circuit potential and at anodic and cathodic polarizations /at c.d. ± 1,2 mA.cm2/. It was shown, that inhibition efficiency increases in this homol. series from aniline to p-iodoaniline. This result was confirmed by the correlation of exptl. data with the values of Hammet-substituent consts.

Laskafeld, D., Vosta, J., Slepanek, A. Etching of silicon rod before crystal growth (1987), patent CS 238329 B1 19851113.

After cleaning with a surfactant and rinsing with demineralized H₂O, Si rods are etched ≥5 min with H at ≥10 kPa and ≤15 L H/h-cm length. The procedure is suitable for cleaning before crystal growing of polycryst. Si for semiconductors. The resulting polycryst. Si is readily transformed to single-crystal Si. Thus, Si rods prepd. by drawing from a Si melt in Ar, conventional cleaning with a 0.1-5% Na octadecenyl-8-sulfonate soln. in H₂O at 60°, rinsing with distd. or demineralized H₂O, and holding ≥24 h in a polyethylene bag at 60-80° were etched 30 min with H at 1180°, 10 kPa, and 15 L H/h-cm length. After decreasing the temp. to 1100°, 0.1 mol fraction trichlorosilane was added. After 60 min, the trichlorosilane mol. fraction was increased to 0.25, and polycryst. Si was subsequently produced.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Varga, L., Smrz, M., Holinka, M., Hluchan, V., Peca, M. Passivation of brass tubes for heat exchangers (1987), patent CS 234628 B1 19850416.

After cleaning with pressurized water, brass heat exchange tubes (esp. condenser tubes in elec. power plants) are passivated by treatment with 0.5-5% H₂SO₄, HCl, and/or citric acid in the presence of corrosion inhibitors selected from 1,2,3-benzotriazole (I) 0.1, dibenzylsulfoxide (II) or quinoline 0.1, and/or benzimidazole (III) 0.1 g/L. The passivated heat-exchanger tubes are flushed with purified water and passivated again for 1-6 h in aq. soln. contg. I 0.1, tannin 0.1, and coco fatty acid alkanolamides 0.5 g/h. The passivation mixt. is suitable for protection during long shutdown periods, startup periods of new elec. power plant equipment involving frequent interruption of service, or as a const. addn. in the cooling circuit during service. Thus, 0.6% H₂SO₄ soln. contg. I 0.1, II 0.1, and III 0.1 g/L was used for final cleaning of brass condenser tubes. After draining the soln., the condenser was flushed with purified water until the effluent was neutral. The tubes were then passivated by circulating aq. soln. contg. I 0.1, tannin 0.1, and coco fatty acid alkanolamides 0.5 g/L for 5 h.

Maly, K., Kocica, J., Vosta, J. Comparison of agents used in cooling systems with high content of recirculating water Vodni Hospodarstvi: B (1987), 37(5), 136-8.

The addn. of 50 mg/L Dukoin 10 (Czechoslovak dispersant) to circulating cooling water decreases corrosion of steel and stabilizes Ca and Mg thus decreasing the scale formation. Since it contains no PO₄^3-, the dispersant is ecol. more acceptable than the highly effective agents Nalco D 4513 or Aktiphos 652. The Kurizet S 113 K dispersant is a less effective corrosion inhibitor than Dukoin 10, but it also containes no phosphates.

Nemcova, J.,Bartonicek, R., Sverepa, O., Kulhavy, T., Sladeckova, A., Novotny, M., Lohnisky, J., Paulovic, M., Panacek, F., Vosta, J. Corrosion inhibitor with sequestrating effect for copper and its alloys (1986), patent CS 233153 B1 19850214.

Aq. corrosion at pH 6-8 of Cu or Cu alloys is prevented without foulant deposition. Thus, cooling water was treated with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole at 1:20 to 4:3 and a surfactant at 0.01-0.06 kg/L; the corrosion of Cu and brass was decreased by 85-99% and the foulant deposition was decreased by 79-95%.

Nemcova, J., Bartonicek, R.,Sverepa, O., Kulhavy, T., Sladeckova, A., Novotny, M., Lohnicky, J., Paulovic, M., Panacek, F., Vosta, J. Corrosion inhibitors with sequestration and dispersing effect (1986), patent CS 233152 B1 19850214. S

The corrosion inhibitors contg. H₃PO₄ or salt, carboxylic acid, and a surfactant prevent corrosion and fouling by cooling water in steel or brass pipes. Thus, a mixt. contg. H₃PO₄ 30 kg, Na₃PO₄ 20, citric acid 5, and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer 45 kg was dispersed into 1000 m³ cooling water to show decreases of scale deposits by 80% and corrosion by 89% for steel pipes.

Varga, L., Vosta, J., Holinka, M., Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Panacek, F. Decreasing the corrosion aggressivity of cooling media in power system condensers (1987), patent CS 234627 B1 19850416.

The corrosion rate was decreased by up to 70% by feeding benzothiazole inhibitors and other additives into the circulating water of power system condensers during interrupted performance. EDs, based on 1 ton water, are: (a) 30 g Na salt of mercaptobenzothiazole; (b) 25 g 1,2,3-benzotriazole (I); (c) 2 g I, 2 g tannin, and 6 g coco fatty acid alkanolamides; (d) 50 g Na hexametaphosphate and 5 g I; or (e) 20 g N-contg. condensates.

Bartonicek, R., Nemcova, J., Vosta, J., Paulovic, M., Sebo, T., Spacir, J., Maly, K., Kulhavy, T.,; Panacek, F., et al. Agent with corrosion-inhibiting, dispersing, and sequestering effects (1986), patent CS 231112 B1 19841015.

The corrosion of steel heat exchangers by cooling water is prevented by an inhibitor consisting of C2-3 alkylene oxide copolymers (250-3000 mol. wt.), such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer 50-90, C2-8 alkanolamine phosphates, such as diethanolamine phosphate 5-30, and alk. polyphosphates, such as Na hexametaphosphate 0.5-20 wt.%. The inhibitor efficiency is increased by 0.5-10% C2-9 alkylphenol phosphate, such as nonylphenol phosphate, or C12-20 ethoxylated amine, such as ethoxylated hexadecylamine. The inhibitor concn. is 3-100 g/m³. Thus, 1000 m3 with water was treated with 1:1 ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer 25, triethanolamine phosphate 15, and Na hexametaphosphate 10 kg to decrease the corrosion of steel by 85 and the deposition of org. substances and Ca salts by 70%. Other components in various proportions were also used, such as Na tripolyphosphate, ethoxylated hexadecylamine, monoethanolamine or diethanolamine phosphate, and nonylphenol phosphate.

Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Pelikan, J., Kapounova, H., Kleprlik, Z., Hluchan, V., Eliasek, J. Removal of copper deposits from boiler surfaces in power plants (1986), patent CS 236422 B1 19850515.

Aq. cleaning bath for Cu removal is composed of 0.05-0.5% diperoxyacetic acid (I), 0.05-10% NH4OH, 0.05-5% ethylenediaminetetracetic acid salts or nitriletriacetic acid (II), and optionally 0.05-5% H2O2. Thus, boiler tubes were treated with aq. bath composed of 0.2% I, 0.2% NH4Cl, and 0.4% II before etching with 2.5% HF to remove Cu completely from the surface.

Hluchan, V., Vosta, J., Pelikan, J.,Smrz, M., Nemcova, J. Stress-corrosion cracking inhibitor (1986), patent CS 228745 B1 19840514.

Stress cracking of steel in acid and chloride-contg. media is inhibited in the presence of alkanolamines, thiazoles, quinoline derivs., amines, and (poly)amides. Thus, inhibitor mixt. contained triethanolamine 28.5, mercaptobenzothiazole 15, coco fatty acid alkanolamide 2, crude quinoline fraction 18, octadecylamine 28.5, and polyacrylamide 8 parts. At 0.1% concn. the mixt. gave 91% corrosion inhibition, and prevented for 29 days the crack formation in tensile-stressed specimens of austenitic stainless steel in an aq. soln. contg. 2.5 M H₂SO₄ and 0.5 M NaCl.

Cervinka, J., Pelikan, J., Hluchan, V., Vosta, J. Corrosion of ferritic steels in products of the sodium-water reaction Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1985), D51, 215-34.

The corrosion resistance was studied of the ferritic steels Type 1Ch2M, Type W.St. Nr. 1.6770, and Type 15418. These steels are used in fast reactor steam generators. The changes of mech. properties were detd. from material loss. All steels exhibited at 340-480° similar corrosion resistance. The corrosion was dependent exponentially on temp, and the steels exhibited good resistance against stress corrosion cracking at ≤400° and a load of 80% of the limit σ0.2. The corrosion resistance of steels is sufficient for the case of a steam generator accident.

Macak, J., Bartos, M., Vosta, J., Vondrak, J. Study of sorption kinetics by the a.c. impedance technique Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1985), D51, 235-45.

The a.c. impedance method was used to study the adsorption of thiourea from adsorbing and nonadsorbing electrolyte solns. on a Hg electrode. The impedance data were analyzed graphically and by using a computer. The impedance of the a.c. circuits and the shapes of the frequency-impedance dependences were used to monitor the time dependence of the thiourea adsorption in the presence of adsorbing and nonadsorbing electrolytes and to det. the factors controlling sorption. The kinetics of thiourea adsorption evidently is controlled by a mixed diffusion-kinetic process. In the case of sorption from nonadsorbing electrolytes the kinetic component is relatively more significant. The adsorption of thiourea from adsorbing electrolyte is controlled mainly by diffusion.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Nemcova, J., Varga, L. Passivating and corrosion inhibiting agent for heat exchangers of brass (1986), patent CS 223221 B1 19830915.

A 1:1:2 mixt. of benzotriazole, tannin, and coconut fatty acid alkanolamides is added at 20 ppm. to cooling water. Corrosion protection is comparable with results from alkali chromates that show ecol. problems.

Hluchan, V., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J. Mechanism of stress corrosion cracking Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1985), D51, 199-214.

Austenitic stainless steels e.g. 18-8 are sensitive to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in environments contg. Cl^-, SO₄^2-, OH_-, etc., and therefore this study was made in 2.5M H₂SO₄ + 0.5M NaCl. The exptl. work was concerned with the several known methods of detn. of SCC and results supported the view that SCC occurs in the Cl^-/SO₄^2- environments by destroying the protection layer and by anodic local dissolving. The crack propagation rates (CPR) were calcd. in the active and passive regions and the effect of 10-2M K₂CrO₄ on the redn. of CPR is also discussed.

Nemcova, J.,Bartonicek, R., Vosta, J., Kulhavy, T. Corrosion inhibitor for steel, copper and alloys with dispersing and complexing effects (1985), patent CS 226394 B1 19840319.

The corrosion inhibitor contains C2-8-alkanolamine mercaptobenzothiazolate or alkali metal mercaptobenzothiazolate 3-25, C1-8-alkanolamine phosphate 10-30, and a surfactant 45-87%. Thus, diethanolamine mercaptobenzothiazolate 2.4, triethanolamine phosphate 8, and 1:1 ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer 69.6 kg were added to a 4000-m3 aq. medium in a cooling circuit consisting of steel and Cu70Zn29Al brass parts. The amt. of deposits, steel corrosion, and brass corrosion were decreased by 80, 70, and 65%, resp.

Nemcova, J., Bartonicek, R., Vosta, J., Sverepa, O., Panacek, F., Svoboda, M., Jizba, J., Kulhavy, T., Sladeckova, A., et al. Agent with dispersion-sequestrative and corrosion-inhibitive effects (1984),patent CS 227447 B1 19840416.

Mixts. of H₃PO₄ or phosphates 20-50, org. hydroxy acids 20-50, alkanolamides of C6-24 fatty acids 5-30, and surfactants 5-30 parts are useful for aq. cooling medium and warrant satisfactory protection for steel, brass, and Al. Thus, treating 1000 m³ cooling water of pH 7.2 with H₃PO₄ 15, citric acid 15, diethanolamides of coconut acids 10, and polyethylene glycol ether phosphate 10 kg decreased formation of deposits by 74%, steel corrosion by 92%, and Al corrosion by 85%.

Mostecky, J., Nemcova, J., Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Lohnisky, J., Novotny, M., Hluchan, V., Strnadova, V. Deicing salt with a mixed corrosion inhibitor (1985), patent CS 219449 B1 19830325.

Road salt compns. with anticorrosion efficiency ≥93% toward steel, Zn, Cu, Al, and the pavement surface consist of alkali or alk. earth chlorides 98.2-99.1, alkali phosphates 0.5-0.8, inorg. Zn salts 0.3-0.6, alkali sulfites 0.05-0.3, and a base (alk. earth hydroxides, C2-8 alkanolamines) 0.05-0.1%. Thus, an aerated 3% aq. soln. of a compn. contg. NaCl 92, MgCl₂ 6.7, Na6P6O18 [10124-56-8] 0.7, ZnSO₄ 0.4, Na₂SO₃ 0.15, and triethanolamine [102-71-6] 0.05% exhibited a ≥95% anticorrosion effect on steel, Cu, Zn, and Al.

Nemcova, J., Bartonicek, R., Holinka, M.,Sverepa, O., Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Panacek, F., Eliasek, J.,; et al. Corrosion inhibitor for brass with a biocidal effect (1985), patent CS 222108 B1 19830429.

Corrosion inhibitors contg. alkanolamines, C12-18 alkylamines, mercaptobenzothiazoles, and surfactants prevent dezincification of brass ducts and condensers as well as their fouling with biol. deposits. Thus, triethanolamine [102-71-6] 54 was mixed at 60° with C₁₈H₃₇NH₂ [124-30-1] 3 and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole [149-30-4] 43. The mixt. was stirred at 60° for 2 h, cooled, and mixed with monoethanolamides of coconut acids 43 parts at 40°. Using this mixt. in a brass cooler at 20 ppm in water gave 98% corrosion inhibition and 70% suppression of microbial growth.

Mostecky, J., Humhej, J., Lohnicky, J., Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Nemcova, J., Smrz, M. Deicing agents for asphalt compositions (1985), patent CS 218692 B1 19830225.

Deicing agents for pavement consist of a core of CaCl₂ or NaCl and NaOH coated with Zn stearate [557-05-1] 0.4-5, ZnSO₄ 0.1-3, octadecylamine [124-30-1] 0.01-0.1, and inorg. or org. peroxide 0.1-2% (per particle). Thus, asphalt compns. used for roads with long-term icing resistance and anti-corrosive effects were composed of the usual bituminous mixt. and 5% deicing granules composed of CaCl₂ 89.9, NaOH 5, and ZnSO₄ 0.7% coated with Zn stearate 4, cumene hydroperoxide [80-15-9] 0.3, and octadecylamine 0.1%.

Hluchan, V.; Pelikan, J.; Vosta, J. Corrosion and SCC of steel in hydrogen sulfide environment Proc. - Int. Congr. Met. Corros. (1984), 3, 538-42.

Corrosion inhibitors for H2S were evaluated in connection with natural gas prodn. in Czechoslovakia. The corrosion study was carried out by measuring the potentiodynamic polarization, and by the const. strain rate deformation method. The inhibitors Sever 1, Garesin, and I-21-D were the most effective.

Hluchan, V., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J. Corrosion and corrosion cracking in hydrogen sulfide environment Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1984), D50, 57-70.

The elec. polarization curves and the rates of sample elongation at const. load were used to det. the effect of com. corrosion additives on the elec. and mech. properties of steel pipes in a medium simulating a petroleum well environment (H₂S satd. 5% NaCl-0.5% AcOH soln. at 25°). Of the 8 com. inhibitors tested, the best were Sever 1 [54692-93-2], Garesin [84136-89-0], and I 21-D [73989-41-0]

Vanek, F., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J. Study of point corrosion of aluminum in aqueous sodium chloride medium by measuring chemical impedance Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1984), D50, 39-55.

Chem. impedance (effect of chem. inhibitors on the elec. impedance) on an Al sample (99.99%) in a 1% NaCl medium and in the presence or in the absence of inhibitors K₂CrO₄ and NaNO3 in 5 × 10-2M concn. was measured. The sample was applied as a rotating disk electrode. Better knowledge of the broad dependence of impedance frequency parameters was made possible by using the method of Lissajous figures. The course of frequency impedance spectra in the presence of inhibitors corresponded to the course of a slow electrode action or to an irreversible electrode reaction. In the medium without inhibitors the course was different, giving evidence of a reaction controlled by diffusion or of a quasi-reversible electrode action.

Pelikan, J., Vanek, F., Vosta, J. Study of pitting corrosion of aluminum in aqueous sodium chloride medium by means of RDE Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1984), D50, 19-37.

The measurements of corrosion under convection by means of the rotating disk electrode (RDE) disclosed the possibility of using this electrochem. method for distinguishing the effect of corrosion inhibitors on the metal-medium interface for pitting corrosion. The combination of potentiodynamic polarization measurements and the measurement of c.d. under const. potential proved to be good for the detn. of relatively more suitable inhibitors under given conditions. The effect of inhibitors can be explained mainly by the oxidn. and chemisorption effects with simultaneous coverage of a large part of the area, and/or of the active corrosion sites, of the rotating disk Al samples. When using the inhibitors, NaNO₃ proved to be more effective against pitting corrosion than K₂CrO₄ in the concn. of 5 × 10-2M.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Macak, J., Hluchan, V., Smrz, M. Study of an inhibited corrosion reaction. III Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1984), D50, 71-82.

Corrosion inhibitors were evaluated by electrode impedance. Electrochem. measurements were performed with CSN 17246 [50947-31-4] stainless steel electrode in active and passive states in a soln. contg. 2.5M H₂SO₄ and 0.5M NaCl, and also with 99.9% Fe electrode in 10% HCl with the addn. of Nitrone [4745-47-5], dibenzyl sulfoxide [621-08-9], pyridine [110-86-1], and pyrrole [109-97-7] as corrosion inhibitors. Impedance dependence in the initial passive state and during transpassivation was examd.

Vosta, J.; Trabanelli, G.; Pelikan, J.; Zucchi, F.; Hluchan, V. Contribution for evaluation of some benzonitriles as corrosion inhibitors. Proc. - Int. Congr. Met. Corros. (1984), 1, 378-9.

The efficiency of benzonitriles as corrosion inhibitors for Fe in 5 N H₂SO₄ was studied. The HOMO orbital, which is a theor. analog to the ionization potential of a substance, was used for evaluation of exptl. results. The electron donor and acceptor action of inhibitors, and electron transfer and forming of the bond between metal and inhibitor are considered.

Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Lohnisky, J., Nemcova, J., Smrz, M., Novotny, M. Antifreeze composition from sodium chloride and corrosion inhibitors (1984), patent CS 216579 B1 19821126.

Antifreeze compns. for road surfaces with suppressed corrosive action towards metals and concrete contain CaCl₂ or MgCl₂ 6-8, alk. phosphates 0.3-0.6, ZnSO₄ 0.2-0.4, caprolactam [105-60-2] 0.1-0.7, arom. thiazoles and/or their salts 0.001-0.2, Zn stearate (I) [557-05-1] 0.01-0.05, hydroxyalkylamides of coconut oil acids, Na dodecylbenzenesulfonate [25155-30-0], and/or alkyl polyethyleneglycol ether phosphate (II) 0.01-0.15, Na2SiF6 0.0005-0.1, and NaCl up to 100%. A typical compn. comprised NaCl 92, CaCl₂ 6.1, (NaPO₃)6 0.01, I 0.02, II 0.03, and mercaptobenzothiazole [149-30-4] 0.02% and had an anticorrosion efficiency of 93% compared to NaCl.

Nemcova, J.; Sverepa, O.; Karnikova, V.; Ptakova, J.; Vosta, J. Garesin as a corrosion inhibitor for underground gas storage tanks Korrozios Figyelo (1983), 23(1-2), 5-10.

Garesin [84136-89-0] (contg. surfactant components and org. N compds.) corrosion inhibiting efficiency was tested on C steel in liq.- and gas-phase-contg. systems as a function of aggressive components concn., temp., inhibitor concn., medium dynamics, corrosion (rust) on steel surface, and inhibitor pretreatment of steel. The aggressive components were NaCl, acetic acid, NaHSO₃, and CO₂. The inhibitor was very effective not only on lab. samples but under actual field expts. with underground gas storage tanks.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Zehle, I. Corrosion protection of metal-plated contacts in electronics (1984), patent CS 213533 B1 19820409.

The corrosion protection agent is a liq. mixt. of 0.4-0.6 g stearic acid [57-11-4], 0.6-1.0 g paraffin, and 3-5 mL bis-(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate [122-62-3] in 100 mL xylene contg. 0.04 octadecylamine [124-30-1], 0.02 lanolin, and 0.04% mixed imidazoline [28299-33-4] derivs. The agent optionally also contains 0.08% Zn stearate [557-05-1].

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Hluchan, V., Smetana, J., Wagner, M. Anticorrosion treatment of equipment (1984), patent CS 213223 B1 19820326.

Equipment put on standby is flushed out with steam contg. film-forming C12-20 aliph. amines 50-500 and optionally an alkalizing agent (e.g., cyclohexylamine) 0.5-5 and a nontoxic, volatile, corrosion inhibitor (e.g., BzONH₂₄) 0.5-5 g/kg steam. The treatment is esp. suitable for power and metallurgical plants. Thus, a nuclear-power-plant unit was put on standby and the system, consisting of austenitic stainless-steel components, was preserved by flushing with steam contg. 15 g octadecylamine/kg steam. Corrosion did not occur. The protective film was removed by superheated steam before returning the unit to operation.

Pelikan, J.,Vosta, J., Mostecky, J., Inhibited anticorrosive lacquer (1983), patent CS 202460 B1 19810130.

An inhibited, anticorrosive varnish, suitable for rusty, wet, or greasy metal surfaces, consists of C₁₈H₃₇NH₂ (I) [124-30-1] or (C₁₈H₃₇)₂NH [112-99-2] 2-20; C12-18 fatty acid or alc. ethoxylated with 15-35 mols. oxirane 0.1-0.5; the reaction products (II) of oleic acid with 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-heptadecenyl-2-imidazoline 0.1-1; MgO 0.1-1; powd. Al, Zn, Cd, or Pb 0.02-0.5; NaNO₂ 0.1-2; and H₂O 75-97%. Thus, a varnish comprised I 2, ethoxylated fatty acid 0.2, II 0.1, powd. Al 0.05, NaNO₂ 2, and H₂O 95.65%.

Macak, J., Vosta, J., Pelikan, J. Smrz, M., Hluchan, V., Havlas, Z. Study of the inhibited corrosion reaction. II Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1982), D45, 99-134.

Inhibition effects and the kinetics of surface sorption corrosion reactions of tetracyanoethylene, nitron, and argenton 0.001 mol/L 5% HCl at Fe and Ni electrodes were studied by the faradaic impedance method and by measuring the elec. double layer capacitance by the single current pulse method. Only nitron showed significant inhibition effects. The results were interpreted by chemisorption of nitron (as supported by HOMO energy data).

Nemcova, J., Holinka, M., Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Eliasek, J., Smrz, M., Lohnisky, J., Novotny, M., Mencl, F., Corrosion inhibitor for aqueous heat exchange media in brass (1983), patent CS 211962 B1 19820226.

The corrosion inhibitor contains aliph. amines, arom. azoles, surfactant, polymer, and quinoline or derivs. Thus, 1000 m³ of cooling water was treated with octadecylamine [124-30-1] 0.9, diethanolamine [111-42-2] 0.5, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole [149-30-4], 0.2, 1,2,3-benzotriazole [95-14-7] 0.2, coconut acid diethanolamide 0.05, polyacrylamide [9003-05-8] 0.05, and quinoline [91-22-5] 0.1 kg. The treatment had a 97% corrosion-inhibiting effect and did not remove Zn from the brass surface.

Havrland, B., Jara, J., Smrz, M., Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Mostecky, J. Anticorrosion protection of metal articles (1983), patent CS 211982 B1 19820226.

The agent contains a novel mixt. of tannin and unsatd. fatty acids alkanolamides with synergetic effect. It converts Fe oxides to tannates, stabilizes rust by sorption of inhibitors, and abolishes the adverse effect of the rust layer on base paint. A typical compn. is tannin 15, coconut fatty acids alkanolamides 3, and 1,2,3-benzotriazole [95-14-7] 0.5 parts dissolved in a 40:20:21.5 mixt. of iso-PrOH [67-63-0], BuOH [71-36-3], and water.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Sedlacek, M. Inhibition of corrosion reactions. I Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1982), D45, 5-25.

Inhibition of corrosion was studied. Influence of structure on the inhibitor efficiency during sorption at the liq./solid interface was investigated. The internal structure was detd. by using a quantum chem. calcn. method, boundary orbitals, and mol. diagrams. Efficiency of the inhibitors was evaluated from polarization potentiodynamic curves and by measurement of the Faraday impedance. Expts. were done with 4-aminobenzonitrile [873-74-5] and 4-aminothiophenol [1193-02-8] inhibitors and Fe wire. Irreversibility of the reaction between the inhibitor and metal was explained by chemisorption.

Vosta, J., Kadija, I. V., Pelikan, J., Hackermann, N., Hluchan, V. Inhibition corrosion of iron by means of RDRE Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1982), D45, 75-97.

The rotating double ring electrode (RDRE) was used to investigate some corrosion processes in 6N HCl. The inhibitor mols. are considered from the quantum-chem. point of view. The electrochem. and quantum-chem. data were correlated to give a more general picture of the nature of corrosion inhibition. Much more exact measurements and evaluations of different inhibitors can be done by using the RDRE. Both HOMO and LUMO are of great influence on chemisorption and inhibition activity of compds. Therefore, strong electron donors and acceptors can act as good inhibitors by forming chem. bonds with the surface. The results obtained from this type of investigation can be correlated directly with the evaluation of catalytic phenomena, esp. in flowing systems.

Hluchan, V., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J. Stress corrosion cracking of steels in aqueous environments Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1982), D45, 51-74.

Nemcova, J., Sverepa, O., Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Volf, J., Safar, M., Fousek, V., et al. Bactericidal agent inhibiting corrosion of metals (1983), patent CS 202494 B1 19810130.

Corrosion-preventing agents contain an alkalizing agent, a corrosion inhibitor, a film-forming amine, and surfactant. They are esp. useful for equipment used in the drilling, storage, and transport of natural and city gas. Thus, a mixt. of cyclohexylamine [108-91-8] 30, octadecylamine [124-30-1] 20, imidazoline [504-75-6] 25, coconut acid monoethanolamide 5, and ethoxylated octadecylamine 20 parts had in 10% alc. soln. 98% protection and entirely suppressed Desulfovibrio bacteria.

Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Nemcova, J., Sverepa, O., Safar, M., Fousek, V., Demcik, Z., Slanina, F. Mixed corrosion inhibitor(1982), patent CS 207959 B1 19810831.

Corrosion inhibition of 93-95% for metals used in the transport and storage of natural gas is obtained by using a mixt. of 20-60 parts higher film-forming amines, such as cyclohexylamine and octadecylamine, 20-40 parts unsatd. fatty acid alkanolamides, and optionally 20-25 parts imidazole or imidazoline derivs. and/or 25 parts ester of fatty acids with higher alcs. as a 5% soln. in a MeOH-hydrocarbon soln. A typical corrosion inhibitor consists of cyclohexylamine [108-91-8] 30, octadecylamine [124-30-1] 30, and alkanol amide of unsatd. fatty acids in a 10% alc. solns. 40%.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Mostecky, J., Nemcova, J., Smrz, M., Holinka, M. Corrosion inhibiting and bactericidal treatment of heat exchange medium (1983), patent CS 200933 B1 19801031.

Cooling and heating water systems are treated with 0.02-0.1% polyethylene oxide [25322-68-3], polyacrylamide [9003-05-8], or polyacrylonitrile [25014-41-9]. The additives markedly decrease the friction coeff. between circulating liq. and the heat-exchange surface, enhance transport of the present corrosion inhibitors and biocidal agents, and thus increased the efficiency and service life of the equipment.

Sedlacek, M. Pelikan, J.; Vosta, J. Measurement of the frequency dependence of chemical cell impedance Elektrotechnicky Casopis (1983), 34(2), 118-28.

Two methods are described for measuring the impedance of electrochem. cells consisting of a tested metal sample, a cylindrical Pt mesh ref. electrode, and corrosive electrolyte contg. corrosion inhibitors. Regulated d.c. bias voltage was applied and a small low frequency voltage superimposed. In the 0.01-500 Hz frequency range impedances were calcd. from phase relations between voltage and current. In the 100-10,000 Hz range impedances were measured with a modified de Sauty's bridge. These measurements serve for evaluation of protection efficiency of corrosion inhibitors used in boiler feed waters for power stations. These measurements are important to metallic corrosion inhibition

Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Nemcova, J., Vosta, J., Holinka, M. Treatment of a heat-transfer medium for cooling circuits (1982), patent CS 199200 B1 19800731.

Exposing a cooling circuit to UV radiation of 150-200 W extented the protective effect of biocidal agents, such as dimethyllaurylbenzylammonium phosphate [85213-06-5] or O,O'-dimethylthiophosphate [1112-38-5]. This effect is ascribed to labilization of the lyosomal membrane of algae and bacteria by irradn. which activates lyosomal enzymes and delays adaptation of corrosion-producing organisms to the biocides.

Nemcova, J., Sverepa, O., Karnikova, V., Vosta, J., Safar, M. Garesin as a corrosion inhibitor for underground gas storage Plyn (1982), 62(12), 359-63.

Efficiency of the developed corrosion inhibitor Garesin [84136-89-0] for steel was evaluated in lab. tests by using model systems contg. NaCl, AcOH, Na₂S, CO₂ and in industrial tests in underground storage tanks for city gas. The inhibitor efficiency was comparable to that of com. inhibitors.

Vosta, J.,Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Mostecky, J. Passivating agent for metal protection (1982), patent CS 200099 B1 19800829.

Mixts. of octadecylamine (I) [124-30-1] and powd. Zn, Al, or Cd have a synergic anticorrosion effect which is ascribed to the interaction of a free electron pair of the NH₂ group with the active surface of the protected metal and to electrochem. protection with the dispersed metal or its oxide. Thus, structural steel is sprayed at 60° with I melt contg. 10% powd. Zn or painted with a soln. of I 10-30, powd. Al 5, and imidazoline deriv. 0.5% in CHCl:CCl₂ or EtOH. Difficultly accessible spots are sprayed with an aq. emulsion contg. I 20, powd. Cd 10, Zn stearate 1, higher fatty alc.-acid esters 5, and polyethylene glycol 0.1%.

Nemcova, J., Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Holinka, M., Rabl, V.,; Smrz, M. Anticorrosive and biocidal agent for a heat-exchanging medium (1981), patent CS 202864 B1 19810227.

Corrosion and biofouling inhibitors were formulated from allylthiourea (I) [109-57-9], coconut acid ethanolamides, PhNCO [103-71-9], and Zn dialkyl dithiophosphate. Thus, an agent contg. I 10, coconut acid ethanolamides 53, PhNCO 10, and Zn O,O-dibutyl dithiophosphate [6990-43-8] 27 parts inhibited cooling water corrosion by 90% and suppressed biofouling by 70%.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Mostecky, J., Janecek, J. Removable anticorrosive coatings (1982), patent CS 196177 B1 19800331.

Removable coatings for temporary mech., anticorrosive, and antisoil protection of metal surfaces during storage and transportation contain poly(vinyl butyral) (I) 30-78, plasticizer 20-50, fillers (carbon black, bentonite) 1-20, pigments 0.01-2, dyes 0.01-2, corrosion inhibitors 0.1-3, hydrophobic agents 0.05-2, bactericides 0.1-3, and an adhesion agent 0.1-3%, and are applied as a melt or a 10-30% soln. The corrosion resistance time of metals coated with this coating increased by a factor of 21-50, compared to samples coated with common removable coatings. A typical compn. applicable as a melt comprises I 59.5, triethylene glycol di(2-ethylbutyrate) [95-08-9] 40, C18H37NH2 [124-30-1] 0.1, silicone oil 0.15, and 1-(β-aminoethy)-2-heptadecenyl-2-imidazoline oleate [84748-81-2] 0.25%.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Mostecky, J., Talasek, V. Bactericidal agent having an anticorrosive affect for cooling circuits (1981), patent CS 192290 B1 19790831.

An ED for 1 ton cooling water consists of an aq. emulsion contg. 2-5 g octadcylamine [124-30-1] and 0.05-0.1 g emulsifier, such as ethoxylate fatty acids or polyethylene glycol [25322-68-3]. It is combined with 5 g methylethyllaurylbenzylammonium hydroxide [81336-03-0] or 3g dimethyllaurylbenzylammonium hydroxide [500-33-4] and 2 g cetylguanidine [48073-73-0]. It may optionally contain 0.3 g p-H2NC6H4SO2NH2 [63-74-1] and 0.2 g alkyl isothiocyanate.

Safar, M. Fousek, V.,; Slanina, F.,; Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Nemcova, J., Sverepa, O. A mixed corrosion inhibitor (1981), patent GB 2064985 A 19810624.

Corrosion-inhibiting solns. for equipment in contact with coal or natural gas comprise 5-50 parts solvent/part compn. contg. ≥1 alkalizer 5-30, ≥1 C10-25 film-forming amine 5-50, and ≥1 unsatd. fatty acid alkanolamide 10-40, and optionally imidazoline derivs. 5-25 and an ester of a fatty acid with a higher alc. 5-25%. Thus, a compn. contg. cyclohexylamine [108-91-8] 30, octadecylamine [124-30-1] 30, and unsatd. fatty acid alkanolamides 40% applied as a 10% alc. soln. showed 93% inhibition efficiency in lab. tests simulating real corrosion conditions. Two other compns. are also given.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Horejs, J. Cooling mixture (1981), patent CS 187766 B1 19790228.

Noncorrosive cooling liq. of low eutectic temp. for cooling circuits consists of urea 10-70, corrosion inhibitors based on cyclic oligomers of H₃PO₄ and Zn²⁺ 0.1-10, and benzothiazole (I), mercaptobenzothiazole, or their derivs. 0.1-1% in 5-80% aq. EtOH or MeOH. Thus, area 50, EtOH 20, ZnSO₄ 0.5, Na hexametaphosphate 1, I 0.3, and water up to 100% gave the cooling mixt. applicable to -20° for corrosion-stressed systems.

Stehlik, A., Laskafeld, D.,Smaha, J., Vosta, J. High purity silicon for semiconductors (1981), patent CS 187278 B1 19790131.

Si deposits produced by reducing chlorosilanes (SiHCl₃ and SiCl₄) with H in the gas phase are usually contaminated with impurities which are entrained prevalently in the early stage of the redn. process. In a modified procedure, Si rods are exposed as usual to a gaseous mixt. of chlorosilanes and H having a Cl/H ratio 0.33. After 1 h the deposited Si is etched away by passing H contg. 12% HCl for 35 min, and the prodn. of Si is resumed by feeding the mixt. of chlorosilanes and H as usual.

Pelikan, J., Smrz, M.; Vosta, J. Corrosion of concrete in the presence of deicing agents Razrab. Mer Zashch. Met. Korroz., Mezhdunar. Nauchno-Tekh. Konf. Probl. SEV, 3rd (1980), 5, 270-3.

The corrosion resistance of concrete in NaCl, CaCl₂, NH₄NO₃, EtOH [64-17-5], urea [57-13-6], urea + EtOH (AM-75), and Na₂SO₄solns. with f.p. -8° used as deicing agents was evaluated from detns. of pH, concrete wt. changes, and CaO and SiO₂ content in solns. Min. wt. loss occurred in concrete specimens immersed in CaCl₂, max. in loss NH₄NO₃, and intermediate losses in urea + EtOH solns. Taking into account the low aggressiveness to metals, the urea + EtOH soln. is recommended as an agent for deicing roads.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J. Study of the inhibition of corrosion of aluminum in an aqueous chloride medium Razrab. Mer Zashch. Met. Korroz., Mezhdunar. Nauchno-Tekh. Konf. Probl. SEV, 3rd (1980), 5, 66-8.

Electrochem. methods were used to study the pitting corrosion of Al in 1% NaCl soln. The breakdown potential and the repassivation potential were established as a function of the inhibitor concns. (K chromate and NaNO₃). Potentiodynamic polarization curves were also plotted.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J. Study of corrosion inhibition using faradaic impedance Razrab. Mer Zashch. Met. Korroz., Mezhdunar. Nauchno-Tekh. Konf. Probl. SEV, 3rd (1980), 5, 30-3.

Faradaic impedance measurements yield reliable information on the nature of the bond between inhibitor and metal. Therefore, the characteristics are given of the behavior of inhibitors on the metal surfaces, i.e. the extent of soly. was detd. and the chemisorption and phys.-adsorption natures of the inhibiting reactions were established. The corrosion inhibitor di-Bu sulfoxide [2168-93-6] was selected for study because it is a good inhibitor of corrosion of Fe and steel in acid (HCl) soln.

Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Nemcova, J., Sverepa, O., Safar, M., Fousek, V., Slanina, F. Mixed corrosion inhibitor for metals (1981), patent DE 2949394 A1 19810611.

The corrosion inhibitor contains an alk. agent 5-30, film-forming C10-25 amine 5-50, and alkanolamide of unsatd. fatty acids 10-40 or imidazoline and its derivs. 5-25, or ester of fatty acids with alcs. 5-25 wt.%. The inhibitor is dild. in a solvent in a 1:(5-50) ratio. The inhibitor is suitable for protection of metal equipment used for recovery, storage, and transportation of natural gas. Typically, 0.2 L inhibitor/1000 m³ gas is injected. Thus, corrosion inhibitor contg. cyclohexylamine 30, octadecylamine [124-30-1], and alkanolamide of unsatd. fatty acids 40% was used as 10% soln. in lab. tests. The corrosion inhibitor efficiency was 93%.

Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Vosta, J. Surface treatment of an aluminum electrode prior to electrochemical measurements Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1980), D 41, 25-33.

Treatment of the electrode in a bath composed of 80 mL concd. H₃PO₄, 10 mL concd. HNO3 and of 10 g citric acid for 30 s at 85° followed by pickling in a 5% aq. NaOH for 60 s was found to be the best with respect to constancy of rest potential with time.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Laznicka, P. Study of corrosion inhibition by faradaic impedance Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1980), D 41, 35-41.

At the corrosion potential for Fe in 5% HCl, the sorption of dibenzyl sulfoxide is irreversible, the inhibiting reaction being proceeded by chemisorption. The inhibiting action becomes a reversible reaction at more pos. potentials. Capacitance and resistance becomes higher with decreasing frequency (10 kHz to 300 Hz) in the cathodic part of the polarization curve.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Antos, M. A study of corrosion inhibition of aluminum in an aqueous chloride medium Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1980), D 41, 17-24.

Both chromates and nitrates exhibit inhibition effects only when their concn. is higher than 10-3M. Chromates at these concns. enhance the induction time but they do not affect the potential of repassivation. Nitrates do not affect the induction time. The c.d. on current-time curves did not reach 0.25 mA.cm^-2 within 120 min when chromate concn. was >5 × 10^-3M, in the case of nitrates concn. >10^-2M being necessary for reaching the 0.25 mA.cm^-2 c.d. limit but the time course of c.d. is then decreasing. Breakdown potentials detd. by the potentiodynamic method are with increasing concn. of inhibitor shifted to pos. values more than when they are detd. by stationary methods.

Vosta, J. Pelikan, J. Eliasek, J. Corrosion inhibition Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1980), D 41, 83-103.

A review with 119 refs. on the mechanism of corrosion and classification of corrosion inhibitors is given.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Mostecky, J., Smrz, M., Lohnisky, J. Liquid deicer (1980), patent CS 184118 B1 19800715.

Deicing mixts. contain an aq. urea [57-13-6] soln., EtOH [64-17-5], and a selective corrosion inhibitor. Thus, a soln. contg. urea 25, EtOH 25, ZnF₂ 0.04, Na hexametaphosphate 0.1%, and the balance water inhibits corrosion of hard Mg-Al alloys and is used on airfields. A soln. contg. urea 45, EtOH 5-10, ZnSO₄ 0.04, Na hexametaphosphate 0.08%, and the balance water inhibits corrosion of steel and is used for road

Pelikan, J., Horejs, J.,; Smrz, M., Vosta, J. Corrosion inhibitor for a neutral aqueous medium (1980), patent CS 183599 B1 19800615.

Mixts. of Na₆(PO₃)₆ (I), benzotriazole (II) [95-14-7], and Na₂MoO₄ (III) have a synergistic effect manifested by decreased corrosion and deposits. The recommended ratios of I:II:III are 5:0.5:1 for a closed heating system, 5:1:1 for an open cooling charged with distd. water used for heating homes.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Mostecky, J., Smrz, M., Lohnisky, J. Deicing agent for roads (1980), patent CS 183475 B1 19800515.

The agent contains urea 10-99.9, corrosion inhibitor consisting of phosphate or polyphosphate and Zn²⁺ compds. (e.g. F^-, naphthenates, salts of fatty acids, polyphosphates) 0.1-10, and optionally nitrates 12-88% and/or org. compds. having a chemisorption or electrostatic effect (e.g. imidazole derivs). The agent is in the form of granules or aq.-alc. solns. The agent attacks the roads and bridges less than the conventional salt mixts. and is less harmful to the environment. Typically, the granulated mixt. suitable for application at low temps. consists of urea 70, Na hexametaphosphate 0.1, ZnF₂ 0.05, (NH₄)₂HPO₄ 0.05-0.1%, and balance NaNO₃.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Smrz, M. Inhibitor of pitting and intercrystal corrosion (1980),patent CS 182094 B1 19800315.

Treating cooling waters contg. Cl^- with 10^-4-10^-2 mol/L of Na hexametaphosphate and with an alkali sulfate to obtain the SO₄^2-/Cl^- ratio of 1-3 prevented incrustation by Ca compds. and decreased corrosion. The above combination exhibited a synergistic effect.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Hackerman, N. Study of the character of the inhibition reaction Annali dell'Universita di Ferrara, Sezione 5: Chimica Pura ed Applicata, Supplemento (1980), 7(Vol. 1, Eur. Symp. Corros. Inhibitors, 5th), 255-66.

In this investigation quantum chem. was applied to the study of the character of inhibition of the dissoln. reaction of Fe in aq. acid soln. by using impedance measurements. Results of HMO-LCAO calcns. were correlated with data from the electrochem. investigations of inhibition of this reaction rate by org. compds. Results of this study may also be used in the general evaluation of inhibition corrosion was catalytic processes where the interaction of the compd. with the metal or catalytic bed is involved.

Pelikan, J.,Smrz, M., Vosta, J. Agent inhibiting corrosion of magnesium and its alloys (1980), patent CS 182093 B1 19800315.

Mg alloy systems in at. reactors were protected by treating with solns. contg. 0.02 K₂SiF₆ and optionally 0.005% ZnSiF₆.

Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Vosta, J. Concrete corrosion caused by deicing agents Stavivo (1979), 57(3), 84-6.

To simulate the action of deicing agents, concrete specimens were cyclically immersed 12 h in water and solns. of NaCl, CaCl₂, NH₄NO₃, EtOH [64-17-5], urea [57-13-6], Na₂SO₄, and chloride-free(EtOH + urea)-contg. deicing agent AM-75 [57894-57-2]. After ≤50 cycles, concrete wt. losses, pH changes of the deicing solns., and amt. of dissolved Ca, Si, and Al were detd. The best results were obtained with AM-75.

Mostecky, J., Kolihova, D., Sychra, V., Kremanova, B., Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Bajkay, S., Cerny, M. Complex workup of tetrahedrite concentrate(1979), patent CS 177947 B1 19790315.

Mixts. of tetrahedrite and chalcopyrite contg. Sb, Ag, Hg, Zn, and silicates were treated with boiling HNO₃ and the solid phase, contg. Hg and Sb, was worked up pyrometallurgically. The liq. phase was treated with Ca(OH)₂ and the pptd. metal hydroxides were subjected to pyrometallurgical or electrolytic refining. The filtrate contg. Ca(NO₃)₃ was used as fertilizer.

Mostecky, J., Vosta, J., Singer, P., Panacek, F. Salt additives for spreading on roadways(1979), patent CS 177216 B1 19770729.

The combination of inorg. and org. corrosion inhibitors had a synergistic effect against corrosion produced by Cl-. Thus, a mixt. of NaCl 85, MgCl 5, Na silicate 7, and aq. emulsion of octadecylamine [124-30-1] 3 parts had a good deicing effect on roads and the silicate component affected the road surface favorably.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Panacek, F., Eliasek, J., Mostecky, J. Corrosion inhibitor (1978), patent CS 174913 B1 19770429.

Mixts. of (NaPO₃)₆ [10124-56-8] 4-67, KMnO₄ 0.5-22, and/or KClO₃ 10-35, and/or optionally Na silicate 16-80 and CaCl₂ 0.1-3% inhibits the corrosion of steel [12597-69-2] surfaces by road deicing mixts. and cooling salt solns.

Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Eliasek, J., Mostecky, J.,Ocenasek, M., Matejka, Z.Treatment of surface waters and power engineering condensates containing organic cations (1978), patent CS 171820 B1 19761129.

Polluted waters are passed through a mixed bed contg. a macroporous strongly acid cation exchanger (A) and a gel cation exchanger (B). The loose inner structure of the macroporous ion exchanger permits reversible sorption and easy desorption of large org. cations and protects the gels from contact with dissolved org. substances. Macroporous Lewatit S 100X10/50 [68517-53-3] (cross-linked with 10% divinylbenzene) or a combination of Lewatit CNP [56940-15-9] with Zerolit 225 [37206-32-9] are used for A and the gel cation exchanger Lewatit S 100X10 [68517-52-2] for B.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Cozl, V. Corrosion of steel in cooling water treated with peracetic acid Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1977), D 35, 87-98.

The corrosion rate of steel [12790-81-7] was detd. by immersion tests in model cooling water contg. 0.1-2% peracetic acid [79-21-0]. The corrosion rate was 5.2, 13.4, 116.0, and 278.3 g/m²-day in 0, 0.1, 1, and 2% AcOOH, resp. For concns. of 0.1 and 1%, the inhibiting effects of some inorg. compds. were detd. Best results were obtained with K₂Cr₂O₇ and K₂CrO₄-(NaPO₃)₆-ZnSO₄; the corrosion rate decreased to 3.5-1.2 and 81.7-45.4 g/m²-day in 0.1 and 1% AcOOH, resp. Of the org. inhibitors, fair results were obtained with CS(NH₂)₂ [62-56-6] (corrosion rate 51.5 g/m/day in 1% acid) and with Resistin K [(lauramidoethyl)pyridinium isooctyl xanthate] [54578-20-0]) which decreased the corrosion rate to 4.5 and 65.4 g/m²-day in 0.1 and 1% AcOOH, resp. Inhibitors were used in concns. of 10^-3-10^-2M.

Hradil, Z., Riedl, R., Mencl, F., Vosta, J. Inhibitor for acid pickling baths (1977), patent CS 168993 B1 19760629.

The corrosion inhibitor for steel consists of a nitrobenzene-formaldehyde mixt. Thus, steel sheet was immersed in a 3% citric acid soln. at 50°. When the soln. contained 0.3% formaldehyde [50-00-0]-30% nitrobenzene [98-95-3] mixt., the corrosion protection was 99%.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Vanek, F. Study of the behavior of iron in amidosulfonic acid using polarization resistance and polarization curves , Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1977), D 35, 99-112.

Polarization resistance in the dissoln. of Fe in 5% NH₂SO₃H strongly increases by addn. of dibenzyl sulfoxide and Resistin N (benzylpyridinium isooctyl xanthate). These inhibitors in concn. 10^-3M have a good performance at 75°. The inhibitors substantially influenced the cathodic reaction.

Pelikan, J.,Vosta, J., Cozl, V. Pitting corrosion of steel in cooling water Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1977), D 35, 77-85.

Potentiokinetics polarization was used to det. the pitting potential Ep for steel in cooling water at 22 ± 2° and study the effect of inhibitors which produce a shift of Ep toward more pos. values. The lowest concns. used for the individual inhibitors were as follows: Na₆P₂₆O₁₈ 2 × 10^-5, K₂CrO₄ 5 × 10^-5, ZnSO₄ 10^-4, Na₂MoO₄ 2 × 10^-4, ZnCl₂ 5 × 10^-4, and NaNO₂ 10^-3M and the initial Ep value for the cooling water (-180 mV vs. SCE) was increased by 20 up to 80 mV. At higher concns. Ep continued to increase, the most pronounced effect being that of NaNO₂ at concns. 2 × 10^-2 and 5 × 10^-2 M giving Ep values of 68 and 123 mV, resp. At low concns. of the inhibitor corrosion does not increase but pitting may take place. The concn. level is detd. by the salinity of the cooling water, esp. the content of Cl^-, SO₄^-, NO₃^-, and HCO₃ and the presence of org. compds. and microorganisms is also a factor.

Vosta, J. Measurement of the capacity of an electric double layer by a single pulse technique Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1977), D 35, 113-19.

The single pulse technique was employed to measure the capacitance of the elec. double layer on a Fe electrode in 6N HCl at 25°. The capacitance increases linearly with time. This increase is caused by adsorption of H⁺, Cl^-, and OH^- and a change of electrode surface.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J.,Macura, J. A study on the corrosion of aluminum and duralumin in an inhibited sodium chloride solution Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1977), D 35, 61-75.

Potentiodynamic polarization curves were used to study the effects of inhibitors on the pitting corrosion of Al and Duralumin in satd. and dil. aq. NaCl (0.01, 0.1, 1, 3, and 5%). The possible inhibitors were: K₂CrO₄, K₂Cr₂O₇, (NaPO₃)₆, NaH₂PO₄, Na₂HPO₄, and hexamethylenetetramine and were used in a 0.01M concn. The measurements were carried out using std. app. and the voltage change was 4.8 V/h. Low concns. of the inhibitors actually increased the pitting corrosion.

Vosta, J.; Havel, J. Spectrophotometric study of the complexation of praseodymium(III) with 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol and 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications (1977), 42(10), 2871-89.

Dissocn. consts., complexation consts., complex compns., and molar extinction coeffs. were calcd. from spectrophotometric data of 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol (I), 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (II), and their complexes with Pr(III) in 30% aq. EtOH at pH 0-8 and various Pr(III):I or II ratios. I and II form 1:1 complexes with excess Pr(III). Excess I (LH2) forms a 1:1 complex with Pr(III) at pH 2-6.5 which is deprotonated at higher pH and an almost insol. 1:2 complex PrL(LH).6H2O. Excess II (LH3) forms a 1:1 complex with Pr(III) and at higher II concns. also PrL(LH)2+.

Pelikan, Josef; Vosta, J.; Smrz, M. Inhibition of unstabilized steel 18Cr8Ni in cooling water at 50°C Werkstoffe und Korrosion (1977), 28(2), 85-7.

The most efficient corrosion inhibitor was evaluated for stainless steel 18-8 [12671-80-6] simulated cooling-water systems with added Ca2+, Cl- and SO₄^2- by detg. pitting-corrosion potential by potentiodynamic anodic polarization at 50° and c.d. 0.5 mA/g. Inhibitors (Na₂SO₄, Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O, K₂CrO₄, NaPO₃, NaNO₂, and Na₃PO₄.12H₂O) were used in 10^-4-10^-2M concns.

Sujan, J., Mostecky, J., Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Bartusek, Z. Activator of gramophone disc surface (1976), patent CS 162910 B1 19750715.

An agent for activation of a record surface, which removes grease and dust, repels dust, and reduces wear of disk and stylus is prepd. Such a lubricant has the following compn.: iso-PrOH [67-63-0] 35, 1,1,1-trichloroethane [71-55-6] 55, 1,4-dioxane [123-91-1] 3, C10-20 paraffins 2.99, silicone oil 4.0, fragrance 0.01, stearamidopropyldimethylhydroxyethylammonium nitrate [2764-13-8] 0.5, and perfluorinated C10-15 n-alkanes 4.0 wt. %.

Sujan, J., Mostecky, J., Talasek, V., Vosta, J. Activator of gramophone disc surface (1976), patent CS 162909 B1 19750715.

An agent for activation of a record surface, which removes grease, dust, and elec. charge, and reduces wear of disk and stylus, is prepd. Such a lubricant has the following compn.: iso-PrOH [67-63-0] 63.0, 1,1,1-trichloroethane [71-55-6] 30.0, 1,4-dioxane [123-91-1] 2.0, C10-20 paraffins 1.0, silicone elastomers 3.0, and fragrance 0.1 wt.%.

Vosta, J., Eliasek, J. Knizek, P. A quantum-chemical study of the corrosion inhibition of iron by means of aniline derivatives in hydrochloric acid Corrosion (Houston, TX, United States) (1976), 32(5), 183-7.

To det. the mechanism of corrosion inhibition by org. materials, the electron structure of a set of org. compds. is studied and correlated with their electrochem. corrosion measurements. The inhibition of corrosion of Fe in 5% HCl by p-substituted anilines with respect to quantum chem. is discussed. Fe2+ ions originating from the dissoln. of Fe form complex Fe(Cl)64- ions on the metal surface at anodic centers. The protonized aniline mols. are then electrostatically bonded to these complex ions. Thus, a potential barrier is formed which prevents the corrosive medium from reacting with the metal surface.

Mostecky, J., Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Recovery of mercury from waste gases (1975), patent CS 160448 B1 19750328.

Waste gases from the roasting of ores, contg. Hg drops of size 10^-5-10^-1 mm, are passed through a column charged with finely grained active C or scrubbed with an aq. suspension of crushed coke. Quant. recovery of Hg by roasting the adsorbates is facilitated by the presence of C which creates favorable redn. atm. Alternatively, waste gas contg. Hg is fed into a column packed with Al rods activated with an aq. ZnCl₂ soln. and Hg quant. coverted to Al amalgam.

Mostecky, J., Voldrich, K., Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Singer, P. Bactericidal agent with corrosion inhibiting effect (1975), patent CS 157901 B1 19741015.

Octadecylamine (I) [124-30-1] controls bacteria and inhibits corrosion by film formation. Thus, 10 mg I/l., in a poly(ethylene glycol) emulsion contg. 0.1^-1 mg NaHCO₃ [144-55-8]/l. and 100 mg N₂H₄ [302-01-2]/l., controlled bacteria in, and inhibited corrosion by, nuclear power plant effluents contg. HNO₃ and H₂C₂O₄.

Vosta, J.; Havel, J. Liquid-liquid ion selective electrode responsive to univalent anions Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Purkynianae Brunensis (1973), 3(9), 109-15.

A liq.-liq. ion-selective electrode has a membrane consisting of a porous Teflon disk which was soaked in a soln. of tetra-n-hexylammonium iodide in lauryl alc. and was placed inside the plastic electrode body. A Ag/AgI ref. electrode immersed in a soln. of 0-1M KCl and 0.1M NaClO₄ is placed inside the electrode. The electrode showed a Nernstian response to I^- and ClO₄^- at 1-10-3.5M. MnO₄^- ≥10^-2M poisoned the electrode. The electrode showed no response to polyvalent anions. The selectivity of the electrode to I^- decreased with decreasing I^- concn.

Vosta, J.; Havel, J. Potentiometric determination of perchlorate and quaternary onium salts with the use of an ion selective electrode, Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Purkynianae Brunensis (1973), 3(9), 99-107.

An ion-selective electrode membrane is prepd. by polycondensation of 1.7 g Bakelite A (prepd. according to T. N. Dobbelstein and H. Diehl, 1969), 0.6 g Ni(ClO₄)₂.6H₂O, 0.3 ml ethylene glycol, and 2 ml 37% aq. H₂CO. When the H₂CO used contained free H₂CO₂, 0.2 ml 25% NH₄OH was added. The response of the electrode to ClO₄^- was linear for 10-3.5-10-1M at pH 2.13 ± 0.03. The electrode was used for potentiometric titrn. of cetylpyridinium sulfate and butyltriphenylposphonium sulfate with NaClO₄ and for the detn. of soly. products of BuPh₃PClO₄, cetylpyridinium perchlorate, Ph₄PClO₄, tetrahexylammonium perchlorate, Bu₄NClO₄, and Pr₄NClO₄. The electrode was used also for the detn. of cetylpyridinium bromide (I) and BuPh₃PBr by titrn. with AgClO₄. The error was ≤±1% for the detn. of 0.02355M I and 0.02555M BuPh₃PBr. The results agreed well with the results obtained by using Ag electrode and with the results obtained by gravimetric detn. by using phosphotungstic acid as pptg. agent. NO₃^- and other univalent anions interfered. The electrode can be used for direct potentiometric detn. of ClO₄^- with suitable pptg. agent.

Mostecky, J.,Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Voldrich, K., Singer, P. Anticorrosion protection of cooling circuits of nuclear reactors (1974), patent CS 156002 B1 19740624.

Corrosion by H₂O, D₂O, and CO₂ is reduced by addn. of octadecylamine, piperidine and cyclohexylamine which produce the desired mild alky. since the Na⁺ causes a high induced activity. Alkylarylpolyglycol ethers have emulsifying and inhibition effects and H₃PO₄ [7664-38-2] is a passivation component.

Vosta, J.; Pelikan, J.; Smrz, M. Investigation of corrosion inhibitors for iron in hydrofluoric acid Werkstoffe und Korrosion (1974), 25(10), 750-3.

Studies on the inhibition of the corrosion of Fe in 0.5-9.5% HF by gravimetry and measurements of the polarization resistance and potentiodynamic polarization revealed that dibenzyl sulfoxide and laurylpyridinium isooctylxanthate with thiourea are efficient corrosion inhibitors. Thiourea, pyridinium xanthate (Resistin K), urotropine, diphenylthiourea, diphenylthiocarbazide, and diphenylguanidine also have good inhibiting properties. The effect was interpreted generally in terms of the availability of free electron pairs.

Eliasek, J., Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Mostecky, J. Agent for protection of hot water lines (1974), patent CS 153733 B1 19740329.

A 1:5 mixt. of octadecylamine and Na polyacrylate or polymethacrylate of mol. wt. 10,000-25,000 was added to distd. water to form a colloid suspension and fed into the pipes. The agent prevented incrustations and corrosion in amts. of 6 g/ton water.

Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Mostecky, J., Eliasek, J., Panacek, F., Singer, P. Mixed corrosion inhibitor (1973), patent CS 151601 B1 19731119.

The mixed corrosion inhibitor consists of evapn. inhibitors (e.g., piperdine, nitrite, or cyclohexylamine nitrite), bivalent anions (e.g. chromates, tungstates) combined with NaNO₂, silicates, phosphates, urea and its derivs., hexamethylenetetramine, and optionally volatile bases (e.g. piperidine, cyclohexylamine, NH₄OH) and org. peroxides (e.g., perbenzoic acid and/or its salts, dibenzoyl peroxide). Thus, metal sheet was protected by a passivation inhibitor contg. piperidine nitrite 0.65, cyclohexylamine nitrite 1.45, Zn hexametaphosphate 0.8, and piperidine 0.01 g/l.

Sejnoha, R., Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Eliasek, J., Vcelak, L. Cleaning of sewage drains (1973), patent CS 149103 B1 19730524.

Sewage drains were cleaned by circulation of 5% aq. HCl or H₂SO₄ contg. 0.2-0.3% dibenzyl sulfoxide [621-08-9] 15-20 min at 20-75.deg., followed by rinsing with water and treating with 5% Na nitrite [7632-00-0].

Eliasek, J., Mostecky, J., Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Singer, P., Voldrich, K. Corrosion inhibitor and passivator for metals (1973) patent CS 149254 B1 19730524.

Octadecylaminophosphate is esp. effective in steam lines owing to the double effect of Na phosphate, liberated by addn. of a calcd. amt. of NaOH, and of octadecylamine which volatilizes in steam and protects the condensor tubes from corrosion. Other useful applications are in automotive cooling systems and in cooling of nuclear reactors contg. D₂O and CO₂.

Mostecky, J., Nemcova, J., Vosta, J., Singer, P.,Panacek, F., Sverepa, F. Additive ice-thawing mixtures for roads (1973), patent CS 148729 B1 19730524.

Cyclic polymers of the type (XPO3)n provide (in combination with Zn and Cd salts) efficient inhibition of metal corrosion by mixts. contg. NaCl. Upon contact with thawing snow or ice, (XPO3)n is hydrolyzed with opening of the polymer polyphosphate ring. The resulting uncoiled chain reacts through its exposed OH groups with the metal surface and the Zn and/or Cd component present to produce (on the protected surface) a compact layer with a high ohmic resistance which prevents contact of the surface with the atm. and inhibits surface corrosion, while the Zn ions inhibit (in combination with polyphosphate) slot corrosion. Recommended compn. of the mixt. is, e.g., NaCl 90, Na hexametaphosphate 6.6, and ZnSO₄ 3.4 parts by wt. The corrosion preventing effects can be increased further by addn. of org. compds. with a chemisorption and electrostatic effect, viz. guanidine, urea, PhCN, or BzONa.

By Mostecky, J., Vosta, J., Panacek, F., Singer, P., Nemcova, J., Voldrich, K. Additive for ice-thawing mixtures for road (1973), patent CS 148730 B1 19730524.

The addn. of Al and/or Mg salts to the usual ice-thawing mixts. decreased (in combination with the other corrosion inhibiting components) the extent of crevice corrosion in exposed metal surfaces. The compn. is given of 8 mixts. contg. NaCl 90, Al₂(SO₄)₃ or MgSO₄ 2.5-6, Na silicate 1.5-3, and octadecylamine, urotropine, mercaptobenzotriazole, 2-naphthalenethiol, or thioglycol <3%. The prepns. showed a 91-3% inhibitory effect in comparison with 65% obtained with Carguard.

Mostecky, J., Vosta, J., Panacek, F.,Singer, P., Nemcova, J., Voldrich, K. Mixed inhibitor of chloride corrosion(1973), patent CS 147451 19730215.

Al(III) and/or Mg(II) salts are combined with org. compds. with a chemisorption and/or electrostatic inhibition effect for use as additives in refrigerator brine solns. and ice-creep removing mixts. The combinations contain Al₂(SO₄)₃, MgCl₂, MgSO₄, Na hexametaphosphate, C12-18 fatty acids, octadecylamine, urotropine, mercaptobenzothiazole, phenylthiourea, 2-napthalenethiol, tannin, thioglycol, etc.

Mostecky, J., Nemcova, J., Vosta, J., Singer, P., Panacek, F., Sverepa, O. Mixed inhibitor of chloride corrosion (1973), patent CS 147355 19730215.

Na hexametaphosphate (I) affords, in combination with Zn(II) or Cd(II) salts, an efficient protection of steel surfaces from ice-creep thawing mixts. contg. NaCl. Upon contact with thawing ice, the cyclic I polymer is hydrolyzed with H₂O yielding an open polymer polyphosphate chain which reacts through its OH groups with the Fe surface and Zn²⁺ or Cd²⁺ to give a compact protective coating with a high ohmic resistance. The coating inhibits surface corrosion, while the polyphosphate-metal complex inhibits crack corrosion. The protective effect is further enhanced by addn. of org. compds. with chemisorption and/or electrostatic inhibition effect (guanidine, urea, PhCN, BzONa).

Mostecky, J., Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Eliasek, J., Matejka, Z. Selective recovery of nonferrous metals from industrial waste waters (1972), patent CS 145167 19720915.

Approx. 80-5% Mn, Cu, and Zn were recovered from washing and recycled waters of ore-processing plants by passing through chelation ion exchangers contg. iminodiacetate of carboxylic group in Na cycle.

Vosta, J., Eliasek, J., Mostecky, J. Inhibitors of metal corrosion in acid solutions (1972), CS 144135 19720101.

Mesoionic compds. with dipole moments, >6 D have a high corrosion-inhibiting effect owing to their amphoteric properties. This makes preliminary orientation of the inhibitor mols. on the metal surface unnecessary and speeds up the inhibition process. Solns. of 0.02% nitron in 5% HCl and 0.03% sydnone in 15% H₂SO₄ have a good corrosion inhibiting effect.

Vosta, J.; Eliasek, J. Study of corrosion inhibition from the quantum chemistry aspect, Edited by Hamner, Norman E., Proc. Int. Congr. Metal. Corros., 4th (1972), 598-601.

Quantum chem. values for the pyridine N-oxides of parasubstituted N(CH₃)₂, SH, CN, Me, and NO₂ were correlated with the inhibition efficiency detd. by polarization curves on an Armco Fe electrode in 5% HCl at 25°. Results showed the inhibition efficiency depends on the energy of the HOMO (highest occupied MO) and LFMO (lowest free MO).

Vosta, J.; Eliasek, J. Quantum chemical evaluation of nitron as a corrosion inhibitor Werkstoffe und Korrosion (1972), 23(6), 487-9.

The corrosion inhibition by nitron with mesoionic structure was evaluated by using the LCAO method and studied exptl. for Fe (99.999% pure) in 5% HCl. The inhibiting efficiency increases with increasing energy of the highest occupied MO due to the decrease of the ionization potential. Certain positions in the nitron mol. characterized by increased electron d. can thus contribute with their own electrons to the bond formation between inhibitor and metal

Talasek, V., Mostecky, J.,Vosta, J., Eliasek, J., Matejka, Z. Separation of nonferrous metals from calcium-containing solutions using weak acid or chelating ion exchangers Chemický Průmysl (1972), 22(2), 69-71.

Mn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ can be sepd. from Ca²⁺-contg. solns. by the carboxylic cation exchanger Amberlite IRC-50 or by the chelating ion exchanger Dowex A-1 at high sp. loads. The latter resin is advantageously used for systems with small differences in selectivities since the stability of the nonferrous-metals chelates generally differs from that of alk. earths. The carboxylic resin is applicable for systems characterized by different selectivities of their components. With respect to the resp. vol. capacity, the carboxylic resin is more suitable for adsorbing Cu and the chelating resin for the sepn. of Mn. The degree of purity and concn. of Mn and Cu in the eluates from both the tested resins is high enough to justify their further treatment.

Matejka, Z., Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Mostecky, J.,Eliasek, J., Singer, P. Regeneration of mixed-bed ion exchangers (1971), patent CS 140562 19710315.

Mixed beds, contg. an acid or polyfunctional cation exchanger in H⁺, Na⁺, or mixed cycle (Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Fe³⁺), and a basic or polyfunctional anion exchanger in OH^-, Cl^-, or mixed cycle (Cl^-, SO₄^2-, PO₄^3-), are regenerated with aq. 1-20% piperidine or cyclohexyl amine, which converts the cation exchanger into piperidinium or cyclohexylammonium cycle, and the anion exchanger into OH^- cycle in a single run without sepg. the resins. The regeneration process is esp. useful for the treatment of industrial condensates and cooling waters.

Vosta, J.,Talasek, V., Eliasek, J., Rysan, J. Use of spent sulfuric acid from titanium white production as a pickling agent in metallurgy Chemický Průmysl (1971), 21(10), 485-8.

Fe and Ti compds. contg. dil. H₂SO₄, as produced in the manuf. of TiO₂, can be utilized as a steel pickling agent. The kinetics of the pickling process was studied with both spent and pure acid used for treating homogenized scale samples and scaled or descaled steel plates. The kinetic data obtained by chem. analyses of the solns. and by weighing the plates compared well with those based on the potentiometric detn. of corrosion currents. In spent acid solns. the process of pickling always proceeded more slowly than in pure H₂SO₄ of the same concn. due to a higher ionic strength in the former; consequently, the most marked differences in the reaction rates were obsd. at the initial stage of pickling. To attain a pickling efficiency equal to that of 12% pure H₂SO₄, a spent soln. contg. 15% H₂SO₄ (65°) must be used.

Vosta, J.; Eliasek, J. Corrosion inhibition from the aspect of quantum chemistry Corrosion Science (1971), 11(4), 223-9.

Relative to the selection and quant. evaluation of corrosion inhibitors a study was made of quantum-chem. values and inhibition efficiency by using homologous series of pyridine N-oxides with various substituents in the γ-position with quantum-chem. values calcd. by the LCAO method. Substances studied included those with Me₂N, HS, CN, Me, and NO₂ substituents. Polarization curves were measured at 25° in 5% HCl. Inhibition efficiency depended mostly upon the energy of the highest occupied MO (HOMO), k(1), which is a theoretical analog to the ionization potential of a substance, and the energy of the lowest free MO (LFMO), k(-1), which illustrates the electron affinity of the mol. Inhibition efficiency increased with increased energy of the HOMO, i.e. with the decrease in the ionization potential so that the mol. acts as an electron donor when blocking the corrosion reaction. Other values obtained by quantum-chem. calcn. (e.g. electron d., free valences, bond orders) verified these principal concepts. Inhibitors with higher efficiency have even higher electron d. in the presumed inhibition centers which participate by their own electrons when forming a chem. bond with a metal; electrophilic substitution may take place in a reaction between metal and inhibitor. Free valence values do not exclude the possibility of a radical reaction. The most active site of the compds. assessed was the O in the N-O and S-O groups due to its min. at. localization energy and high values of electrophilic and radical superdelocalizability on the O atom.

Vosta, J., Eliasek, J.,Janda, M. New corrosion inhibitors Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1970), D 20, 23-33.

The evaluation of boiler steel corrosion inhibitors by means of polarization curves and polarization resistance was studied. Nitrone and some thiophene derivs. are very good corrosion inhibitors in a HCl medium. Esp. nitrone which belongs among the mesoionic group of compds., proved to be the most efficient of them. 8,9-Dihydrothionaphthene dioxide was chosen because of its resemblance to dibenzyl sulfoxide in regard to S-O groups. 2-Aminopyridine was subjected to measurements in order to obtain some primary information on the behavior of this substance as corrosion inhibitor in a HCl medium.

Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Ocenasek, M., Eliasek, J., Volak, J. Use of piperidine as a volatile alkalization agent Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1969), 18, 15-28.

Piperidine was used as a volatile alkalization agent and corrosion inhibitor in a high-pressure steam-water circuit. Piperidine is of sufficiently basic character, which makes it possible to decrease P₂O₅ content in boiler water to the 3 mg/l. level. It achieved a 70-80% decrease of Fe level in the system, and is inactive with respect to Cu. In the H-form of strongly acid cation exchangers piperidine is quant. sorbed as piperidinium cation and regeneration of exchanger is quite possible.

Mostecky, J., Eliasek, J., Singer, P., Talasek, V., Vosta, J. Protective agent for steam ducts in power engineering plants (1969), patent CS 133224 19690715.

Mixts. of 1 part C₁₈H₃₇NH₂ (I) and 0.01-1 part emulsifier are added at a rate 0.01-10 g agent/ton steam or 10-1000 g agent/ton feed water after the demineralization process. Alkane- and arenesulfonyl chlorides, sulfosuccinates, and condensation products of fatty acids with ethylene oxide are suitable emulsifiers. I forms in the ducts a protective lining which prevents the effect of corrosive media and blocks starting corrosion reactions on microcathodes and anodes.

Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Matejka, Z., Eliasek, J., Mostecky, J., Singer, P. Treatment of condensate in power engineering installations (1969), patent CS 133232 19690715.

Cation-exchanger beds in the piperidinium from have a very low selectivity coeff. for the piperidinium cation when the cation exchanger is in a neutral medium. In combination with simultaneous alkalization of the feed-water with piperidine, there is provided quant. trapping of all metal ions that have gotten into the condensate by leakage or corrosion.

Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Eliasek, J. Inhibitor of atmospheric corrosion (1969), patent CS 133138 19690715.

Combinations of 1 part piperidine nitrite (I) and 0.5-1 part volatile alk. agent show a synergistic effect. The volatile compd. (NH₃, cyclohexylamine, N₂H₄, piperidine, morpholine) blocks the initial corrosion process and initiates the evapn. of I, which affords a long-lasting protection. The combination in concns. of 0.5-2 g/m2 Fe or Cu surface gives 80-100% protection for 100-200 days at 80% relative humidity.

Mostecky, J., Eliasek, J., Talasek, V.,Vota, J., Singer, P. Emulsion mixture for protection of steam-water circuits of energy installations against corrosive attack and process for its application (1969),patent DE 1816905 19690731.

Corrosion in steam power and heating plants is prevented by addn. to the process water of 0.01 to 10 g./ton active ingredient of an emulsion consisting of 1 part by wt. higher aliphatic amine (primary, secondary, or tertiary) and 0.01 to 1.0 part by wt. emulsifier. Preferred amines are octadecylamine, laurylamine, hexadecylamine, and dioctadecylamine. Preferred emulsifiers are ethoxidized fatty acid, alkylpolyglycol ether, saccharose monostearate and polyethylene glycol 1500. For the prevention of crevice corrosion 0.01 part by wt. ZnSO4 and 0.01 part by wt. P2O5 equiv. can be added. Greater effectiveness over previous amine systems is claimed.

Karas, F., Vošta, J.,Talášek, V. Protection of steam lines of power plants from corrosion (1968), patent CS 127179 19680415.

A mixt. of 3 g. octadecylamine and 100 ml. distd. water is emulsified at 60-70° with a suitable agent of mol. wt. 420-1200 and fed into the pressure-free part of a steam line. The film prevents direct corrosion and blocks initial corrosion reaction on microcathodes and microanodes.

Vosta, J., Talasek, V. Volatile alkalizing agent in steam lines of power plants (1967), patent CS 124203 19670915.

Piperidine, fed in an amt. 5 g./ton steam and concn. 2 mg./l., decreased the Fe and Cu content in the condensate by 60-80% and 30%, resp. The initial concns. were 50 μg. Fe and 20 μg. Cu/l. condensate.

Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Eliasek, J. Coulometric determination of ion concentrations of piperidine in aqueou solution in the presence of ammonia Fresenius' Zeitschrift fuer Analytische Chemie (1967), 230(1), 29-33.

A method for the detn. of low concn. of piperidine in aq. solns. and in the presence of NH3 is described. To a 5-70 ml. sample was added M NaBr soln. and a soln. buffered at pH 8 contg. 1 part 0.33M KH₂PO₄ and 19 parts 0.33M Na₂HPO₄, so that the final minimal concns. were 0.1M Br^-and 0.02M buffer. The Br- reacts quant. with the piperidine to substitute H on N. The excess Br^- is then coulometrically titrated to det. indirectly the amt. of piperidine present in the sample. In the presence of NH₃, the sum of piperidine and NH₃ is detd. coulometrically after similar treatment with Br-, and NH₃is then sep. detd. according to Nessler's photometric method. The piperidine content results from the difference. Piperidine concns. 3 detn.

Pecka, K., Vosta, J.,; Mostecky, J. Possibilities of using sulfolane for removal of sulfurous compounds from lighter petroleum fractions Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1966), 11, 83-96. | Language: English, Database: CAPLUS

Sulfolane (2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,1-dioxythiophene) (I) was prepd. by catalytic hydrogenation of sulfolene in MeOH. The hydrogenation was carried out in a rotating autoclave at 100° and with an initial charging pressure of 100 atm. H and was catalyzed by Raney Ni. Sulfolene was prepd. by addn. of SO₂ to butadiene with a yield of 93%. The reaction was carried out in an autoclave at 100°. After rectification, I b15 150-1° and d404 1.2533. The gasoline fraction b. 80-150° was distd. from the primary gasoline fraction from Romashkhino petroleum. Extn. expts. with the gasoline fraction showed that the distribution coeffs. of sulforous compds. contained in gasoline between the hydrocarbon phase and I are low. The extn. capability of I for the removal of sulfurous compds. from petroleum fractions was therefore also low. The greatest redn. in the overall S content, ∼50%, was attained by 8-stage countercurrent extn., but the solvent consumption was high and the raffinate yield low. The expt. with 5-stage countercurrent extn. showed that when utilizing the solvent economically and maintaining high yields of raffinate, I has an extremely low desulfurizing effect. Considering that I is a polar extn. agent, the ability of I to ext. the most polar type of S compd.-the mercaptan-from a hydrocarbon medium was studied. The expts. were carried out with model mixts.; the hydrocarbon medium was represented by n-C7H16 and the sulfurous component by BuSH. The phase equil. was measured in the 3 component system n-C7H16-I-BuSH for the whole range of component concn. The distribution coeffs. of S compds. between I and the hydrocarbon phase were low and aromatic hydrocarbons were extd. together with the S compds. I is a solvent of small efficiency for the given purpose and small selectivity for general application.

Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Ocenasek, M., Eliasek, J., Dluhos, J. Piperidine, a new volatile alkalizing agent Mitteilungen der Vereinigung der Grosskesselbesitzer (1967), No. 106, 39-41.

Piperidine is effective in concns. of 2 mg./l. in the alkali treatment and softening of boiler water and its use enables the phosphate concn. to be lowered to 3 mg. of P₂O₅/l. It also protects the boiler against corrosion.

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prof. Ing. Zdeněk MATĚJKA, CSc. (*1937 - †2006)

1997 - 2002 vedoucí Ústavu energetiky

Narozen v roce 1937 v Teplicích.

Maturoval na 12-ti leté škole v Praze-Vršovicích. Studoval na Fakultě technologie paliv a vody VŠCHT v Praze, na Katedře technologie vody, zaměření energetika. V letech 1960-1972 byl zaměstnán v ČKD Dukla, n. p., v roce 1967 obhájil kandidátskou disertační práci na téma „Kontinuální příprava ultra-čisté vody deionizací“. V roce 1972 nastoupil jako odborný asistent na Katedru energetiky. V roce 1990 obhájil habilitační práci „Uplatnění ionexů při ochraně životního prostředí“ (docent pro obor Technologie vody). V roce 2000 byl jmenován profesorem pro obor „Chemie a technologie životního prostředí“.

Jeho vědecká a výzkumná činnost byla zaměřena na teorii a využití iontové výměny a sorpčních procesů, v poslední době též membránových postupů a to převážně v oblasti úpravy průmyslových vod pro energetiku a v oblasti úpravy vody (pitné, odpadní) v rámci ochrany životního prostředí.

V roce 2003 mu byla udělena medaile prof. Ferdinanda Schulze.

Mistova, E., Parschova, H., Jelinek, L., Matejka, Z., Sebesta, F. Sorption of Metal Oxoanions by Composite Biosorbents of Waste Material of Brown Seaweeds Ascophyllum nodosum and PAN Separation Science and Technology (2010), 45(16), 2350-2355.

Two different composite sorbents of chem. modified dealginaded seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (DS-2 and DS-3) were used for the selective removal of metal (W, Mo, and V) oxoanions. All expts. were carried out by dynamic column sorption. The effects of the pH, flow rate and the concn. of the accompanying anions in the feed soln. were studied. Sorption of tungstate, molybdate and vanadate anions was successful. The composite sorbents exhibited high stability during more than 25 sorption cycles.

Mistova, E., Parschova, H., Jelinek, L., Matejka, Z., Plichta, Z., Benes, M. Selective sorption of metal oxoanions from dilute solution by chemically modified brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum Separation Science and Technology (2008), 43(11-12), 3168-3182.

Two samples of chem. modified seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (NS-1 and DS-1) were used for selective removal of metal (W, Mo, V, Ge, and Sb) oxoanions. All expts. were carried out by dynamic column sorption. The effects of pH, the concn. of the accompanying anions in the feed soln., and the effect of the flow rate were studied. Tungstate, molybdate, and vanadate were adsorbed extensively. Sorption of Sb(III) anion was notable but the sorption capacity was very low and the desorption was difficult. Sorption of Ge(IV) oxoanion was negligible. Stability of the NS-1 and DS-1 sorbents was limited by 20 and 25 sorption cycles, resp.

Parschova, H., Matejka, Z., Mistova, E. Mutual Separation of (W, As, Mo, V, Ge, B) Oxoanions from Bi-metallic Solution by Resin having Methyl-Amino-Glucitol Moiety Separation Science and Technology (2008), 43(5), 1208-1220.

The mutual sepn. of (W, As, Mo, V, Ge, B)-oxoanions using resin having methyl-amino-glucitol polymeric moiety from bimetallic soln. was investigated by dynamic column expts. The effect of soln. pH on the sepn. efficiency and on the co-removal level of metallic impurities was followed in this study. The conditions for efficient desorption of metals were detd. to get the highly concd., impurities free soln. suitable for recovery and reuse of sepd. metal. Effective sepn. of molybdenum and vanadium from boron or germanium and tungsten from arsenic was achieved.

Kabay, N.; Bryjak, M.; Schlosser, S.; Kitis, M.; Avlonitis, S.; Matejka, Z.; Al-Mutaz, I.; Yuksel, M. Adsorption-membrane filtration (AMF) hybrid process for boron removal from seawater: an overview Desalination (2008), 223(1-3), 38-48.

A review. The general objective of this study is to explore the suitability and performance of the adsorption-membrane filtration (AMF) hybrid process technol. for boron removal from seawater and/or RO first stage permeate.

Parschova, H., Mistova, E., Matejka, Z., Jelinek, L., Kabay, N., Kauppinen, P., Comparison of several polymeric sorbents for selective boron removal from reverse osmosis permeate Reactive & Functional Polymers (2007), 67(12), 1622-1627.

Fibrous sorbents based on polypropylene and viscose fibers grafted with styrene or glycidyl methacrylate and functionalized with N-methylglucamine were compared with classical polystyrene/DVB bead sorbent with N-methylglucamine functional group. Tests were carried out in dynamic column mode. Model soln. of reverse osmosis permeate contg. 1.5 mg/L of boron was pumped through 5 mL of sorbent packed in glass column. Fibrous sorbents showed much faster sorption kinetics than bead sorbent, tolerating high specific flow-rates. Compared to bead sorbent, boron regeneration profiles of fibrous sorbents were narrower and they could be successfully regenerated with more dild. hydrochloric acid.

Mistova, E., Parschova, H., Matejka, Z. Selective sorption of metal oxoanions from dilute solution by bead cellulose sorbent Separation Science and Technology (2007), 42(6), 1231-1243.

Bead sorbent Perloza MT 50 was used for selective removal of metal W, Mo, V, Ge, and Sb oxoanions. All expts. were carried out by dynamic column sorption. Sorption of tungstate and molybdate anions was successful. The sorption capacity decreased with increasing concn. of accompanying anions (chlorides, sulfates) and with increasing pH (3.5-5.5). Sorption of vanadate anion was possible but the sorption capacity was very low. Sorption of Ge(IV) and Sb(III) oxoanion was negligible.

Parschova, H., Matejka, Z., Mistova, E. Removal of undesirable oxyanions (NO₃^-, Cr, As, and Sb) from water solutions Vodni Hospodarstvi (2007), 57(1), 23-26.

This work is a review of selective technologies used form removal of oxoanions (NO₃^-, Cr, As, Sb) from contaminated drinking water resources. Several ion exchange technologies utilizing selective ion exchangers and inorg. sorbents and membrane technologies (reverse osmosis and nanofiltration) are reviewed. The processes of selective nitrate removal from drinking water by strong base anion exchanger with triethylammonium functional groups, removal of Sb (III and V) by sorbent with 1-deoxy-1-methylamino-glucitol functional group and removal of As (III and V) and Sb (III and V) by inorg. sorbents (alumina and GEH) are presented.

Kraus, W., Stephan, H., Roellichy, A., Matejka, Z., Reck, G. K₆H₂[TiW₁₁CoO₄₀]·13H₂O, with a monotitanoundecatungstocobaltate(II) anion Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online (2005), E61(3), i35-i37.

Hexapotassium dihydrogen monotitanoundecatungstocobaltate(II) tridecahydrate, K₆H₂[TiW₁₁CoO₄₀]·13H₂O, crystallizes from aq. soln. in cubic space group P‾43m, with a 10.6850(16) Å; Z = 1, dc = 4.410; R= 0.039, Rw(F2) = 0.097 for 730 reflections. The structure was refined as an inversion twin. The [TiW₁₁CoO₄₀]^8- anion has a Keggin structure with one W-atom site occupied by Ti and a central tetrahedral CoO₄ group.

Matejka, Z., Parschova, H., Ruszova, P., Jelinek, L., Houserova, P., Mistova, E., Benes, M., Hruby, M. Selective uptake and separation of oxoanions of molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, and germanium by synthetic sorbents having polyol moieties and polysaccharide-based biosorbents Edited by Moyer, Bruce A.; Singh, Raj P., Fundamentals and Applications of Anion Separations, [Proceedings of the Symposium "Fundamentals and Applications of Anion Separations" held during the American Chemical Society National Meeting], Chicago, IL, United States, Aug. 26-31, 2001 (2004), 249-261.

A review. To meet the environmental WHO limits on drinking water, the oxoanions of V(V), Mo(VI), W(VI), and Ge(IV) must be removed from water down to μg/L levels. Here, sepn. processes for aq. solns. contg. these oxoanions were investigated. First, the mechanism of the selective sorption of oxoanions is discussed. To obtain a high sorption efficiency, a highly stable complex of the diol ligand with the oxoanion must be formed inside of the sorbent matrix, and a fast overall kinetics of the oxoanion uptake is necessary. The uptake of oxoanions was investigated for various sorbents in the form of beads. It is distinguished between synthetic sorbents and polysaccharide-based biopolymer sorbents. The synthetic sorbents studied were: (i) a polyol sorbent contg. the 1-deoxy-methylaminoglucitol moiety immobilized in a styrene/divinylbenzene (S/DVB) matrix and (ii) a polyol sorbent consisting of the diethanolamine moiety immobilized in the S/DVB matrix. The biopolymeric sorbents studied were: (i) crosslinked chitosan (poly-D-glucosamine) beads, (ii) crosslinked cellulose beads, and (iii) brown-algea seaweed (Ascophyllum Nodosum).

Paidar, M., Bouzek, K., Jelinek, L., Matejka, Z. A combination of ion exchange and electrochemical reduction for nitrate removal from drinking water. Part II: Electrochemical treatment of a spent regenerant solution Water Environment Research (2004), 76(6), 2691-2698.

The process of electrochem. treatment of a soln. after strong basic anion exchanger regeneration was studied. The goal was to reduce the nitrate content in the soln. to allow its use in a closed loop. Diaphragmless, flow-through cells in a recirculation mode with and without a fluidizing bed of inert particles in the interelectrode space equipped with Cu cathodes and activated Ti anodes were used. The temp. was maintained at 20°. To assess the influence of recirculation of the regenerant soln. on the quality of the treated water, the effect of the addn. of copper ions to the soln., postelectrolysis cathode treatment, and enhanced mass transfer on the electrolysis results with respect to current efficiency and residual nitrate and nitrite concn. were studied using an artificial soln. On the basis of the exptl. results, a lab.-scale unit for selective nitrate removal was designed and constructed that integrated ion exchange and electrochem. cell to one assembly. The process of recirculation of regenerant soln. was tested using groundwater.

Jelinek, L., Parschova, H., Matejka, Z., Paidar, M.,Bouzek, K. A combination of ion exchange and electrochemical reduction for nitrate removal from drinking water. Part I: Nitrate removal using a selective anion exchanger in the bicarbonate form with reuse of the regenerant solution Water Environment Research (2004), 76(6), 2686-2690.

The process of selective nitrate removal from drinking water by ion exchange was studied. A com. strong base anion exchanger with triethylammonium (-N+Et3) functional groups was used in the HCO₃^- and CO₃^2- form. The aim was to optimize ion-exchanger regeneration in view of the subsequent electrochem. redn. of nitrates in the spent regenerant soln. The effects of ion-exchanger form, concn. of regenerant soln., and presence of nitrates, chlorides, and sulfates in the regenerant soln. were studied. The strong base anion exchanger in HCO₃^- form that was studied was able to treat 270 bed vols. of model water soln. contg. 124 mg/dm3 nitrates. To achieve adequate regeneration of the satd. anion exchanger, it is necessary to use ∼30 bed vols. of fresh 1M NaHCO₃regenerant soln. The presence of residual 50-mg/dm³ nitrates in the regenerant soln., treated by electrolysis, resulted in an increase in the dose of regenerant soln. to 35 bed vols. and a decrease in the subsequent sorption run of ∼13%. The vol. of applied regenerant soln. was high, but the consumption of NaHCO₃ for regeneration was low.

Hruby, M., Korostyatynets, V., Benes, M., Matejka, Z. Bifunctional ion exchange resin with thiol and quaternary ammonium groups for the sorption of arsenate Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications (2003), 68(11), 2159-2170.

A bifunctional resin with thiol and quaternary ammonium groups was prepd. from a macroporous strongly basic anion exchange resin of the styrene-divinylbenzene type. The key step of the synthesis is the reaction of the quaternary benzyltrimethylammonium group of the ion exchange resin with suitable S-contg. nucleophiles. Three synthetic routes are described: direct conversion to thiol with Na sulfide, reaction with potassium O-Et dithiocarbonate followed by decompn. of the dithiocarbonate with ammonia or acid and conversion to polymeric isothiuronium salt by the reaction with thiourea and subsequent alk. hydrolysis to thiol. Sorption of arsenate on thiol resin and its Fe(III) complex was studied.

Matejka, Z.; Ruszova, P.; Parschova, H.; Jelinek, L.; Kawamura, Y. Selective uptake of (Mo, V, W, As)-oxoanions by crosslinked chitosan; beads vs. fibers Advances in Chitin Science (2002), 6, 213-216.

The ability of a cross-linked chitosan to form stable diol-complexes with oxoanions and to remove them from soln. was studied. Chitosan was cross-linked by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and used as beads or fibers without any functionalization. Chitosan crosslinking degree in the free base form was crucial for selective uptake of Mo, W, and V oxoanions as binuclear complexes and to achieve metal concns.

Jares, P., Matejka, Z., Parschova, H. Versatile use of alumina Prague 2000, International Symposium & Exhibition on Environmental Contamination in Central & Eastern Europe, Proceedings, 5th, Prague, Czech Republic, Sept. 12-14, 2000 (2001), 2069-2073.

Alumina is one of the most important sorption material. In alk. pH area alumina is used as a cation exchanger and in acidic and neutral pH area it is used as an anion exchanger. My work deals with the selective sorption of toxic anions on alumina. Protonated and nonprotonated alumina Alcoa DD-2 (28 x 48 mesh) was used in this work. HAsO₄^2-, H₂AsO₄^-, F^-, SiO₃^2-, PO₄^3-, VO₃^- anions were sorbed on protonated alumina, while HAsO₄^2-, H₂AsO₄^-, AsO₂^-, SiO₃^2- anions on nonprotonated alumina. The influence of regeneration on breakthrough capacity, leakage level, and abrasion of alumina was studied. Striping of the sorbed anion was carried out with 4% soln. of NaOH. Protonation was carried out with 3% soln. of HCl. Protonated alumina is more abrasion than nonprotonated. Nonprotonated alumina exhibited higher leakage level than protonated at the beginning of cycle. Feed soln. consists of 1750 mg/L of chloride, 600 mg/L of sulfate and 5-100 mg/L of removable anions. Arsenic (III and V) and vanadate was analyzed by at. absorption spectrophotometry using graphite furnace technique. For the analyses of phosphate, fluoride and silicate colorimetric detn. on spectrophotometer was used.

Jelinek, L., Matejka, Z., Inoue, K., Miyajima, T. Adsorption properties of humic substances Prague 2000, International Symposium & Exhibition on Environmental Contamination in Central & Eastern Europe, Proceedings, 5th, Prague, Czech Republic, Sept. 12-14, 2000 (2001), 866-869.

Adsorption of humic acids (HA) taken from different origins in Japan and isolated by an IHSS std. method as well as HA isolated from brown coal was carried out on a clay mineral vermiculite. The effects of HA concn., origin (structure) and the influence of pH were investigated. Clay mineral was shaken with soln. of HA for 24 h at 303.15 K, then concn. of HA was measured on UV-VIS spectrophotometer at λ = 400 nm taking in the account the pH dependence of HA absorbance. Aromaticity of HA was estd. by measuring their UV absorbance at 272 nm and by IR spectroscopy. Adsorption properties of HA were found to be strongly dependent on its origin as the structure of HA varied with its origin. It was possible to est. the HA adsorption properties measuring the aromaticity of HA skeleton. Adsorption of HA at given pH was increasing with increasing the aromaticity of skeleton. The data for soil HA and brown coal HA slightly differed showing, however the same trends. The adsorption of HA on vermiculite depends not only on the electrostatic forces, but also on the interaction of hydrophobic (arom.) skeleton of HA with a clay mineral surface.

Stastna, P., Matejka, Z. Ligand exchange sorption of arsenates by resins loaded with metal cations Prague 2000, International Symposium & Exhibition on Environmental Contamination in Central & Eastern Europe, Proceedings, 5th, Prague, Czech Republic, Sept. 12-14, 2000 (2001), 241-245.

Ligand exchange is a selective water purifn. process in which pollutants are removed from soln. by formation of a coordination complex with a metal ion held on a solid support (ion exchange resin). Different types of resin loaded with Cu2+ or Fe3+ ions were used To remove arsenate from dil. aq. soln. by ligand exchange sorption. It is necessary that arsenates are sorbed in preference to other common anions, e.g., Cl- and SO42-. Arsenates were successfully removed from aq. soln. by ligand sorption. Best results were obtained using Dowex XFS 4195 resin satd. with Cu2+. As5+ concn. in effluent water was

Matejka, Z., Parschova, H., Ruszova, P., Jelinek, L., Benes, M., Hruby, M. Selective uptake and separation of (Mo,V,W,Ge)-oxoanions by synthetic sorbents having polyol-moieties and by polysaccharide-based biosorbents Abstracts of Papers, 222nd ACS National Meeting, Chicago, IL, United States, August 26-30, 2001 (2001), IEC-004.

Oxoanions of metals from the group of (Mo,B,V,W,Ge,Sb,As) can be frequently found as contaminant species in various water streams having high excess of accompanying anions. Efficient removal of oxoanions down to concns. as low as ppb-level is required for environmental reasons. Also, recovery of some metals (Ge,B,V,W) for reuse/recycling purposes requires a highly purified product, which calls for highly selective processes. But currently used conventional anion exchangers are lacking the sufficient selectivity and sepn. ability toward these oxoanions. It is known that low mol. wt. substances contg. diol groupings in appropriate conformation (like hexitols or saccharides) can form cyclic complexes with oxoanions. The formation of these complexes can be utilized for selective uptake of metals from soln., provided that the solid matrix contg. such diol-ligands will be used as a selective sorbent. In this study, the metal uptake ability of several sorbents having polyol-moieties was investigated: a) poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) matrix functionalized with glucamine or tri-ethanol-amine, etc. B) polysaccharide-based biopolymers (no functionalization required!), including crosslinked chitosan (in the bead or fiber form) or sea-weeds (natural brown-algea biopolymer having alginic acid as a main active component). Review of results: Dynamic column runs have shown that glucamine sorbent and crosslinked chitosan and sea-weeds are able to remove (Mo,V,W,Ge) oxoanions selectively from soln. (contg. 1-15 mg/L metals and 1000 mg/L sulfate) down to level less than 0.05 mg/L. Optimum pH range was detd. for each particular metal and each sorbent for sorption, desorption, and sepn. Efficient sepn. of metals (using change of pH in soln. and in resin phase) was achieved for Mo-V, Mo-W, and Ge-Mo,V,W systems.

Zavodska, V., Zach, J., Trneny, J., Pavlicek, J., Kovarik, J., Matejka, Z., Culkova, A., Kucharikova, I. Manufacture of foamed polystyrene with shorter cooling time after foaming (2000), patent CZ 286166 B6 20000216.

Foamable polystyrene (PS) beads with improved processing properties, esp. with short cooling time in the mold after foaming, are obtained by carrying out the suspension polymn. of styrene in the presence of partial esters of unsatd. higher fatty acids with pentaerythritol or their combination with partial glycerides, and by impregnating the resulting PS beads with sorbitol or pentaerythritol partial esters of unsatd. higher fatty acids, esp. oleic acid, or with their combination with partial glycerides, esp. monostearoyl glycerol, and stearic acid metal salts, preferably Zn or Ca stearate. The polyhydric alc. partial esters of unsatd. higher fatty acids are preferably those obtained by transesterification of rapeseed oil with pentaerythritol or sorbitol. For example, PS foam produced from beads prepd. by radical suspension polymn. of styrene in the presence of 0.4% (based on monomer) of a mixt. of partial unsatd. fatty acid esters of pentaerythritol and glycerol and post-treated with 0.1% of the above mixt., 0.025% glycerol monostearate and 0.025% Zn stearate, had cooling time 3.5 min, adsorptivity 2.5 vol.% and flexural strength 0.27 MPa, vs. 11.2 min, 1.9 vol.% and 0.30 MPa for a foam produced from ordinary PS beads.

Matejka, Z.; Neveceralova, D.; Rejzlova, O.; Gromanova, S. Nitrate removal from drinking water by an anion exchanger in the HSO4- form with reuse of electrochemically denitrified regenerant solution Special Publication - Royal Society of Chemistry (1999), 239(Advances in Ion Exchange for Industry and Research), 26-34.

The NO₃ removal from drinking water with an N+Et3 anion exchanger in HSO4- form and the reuse of the obtained regenerant soln. after electrochem. NO₃ redn. were investigated. A SO₄ soln. at pH3 leakage (3 were estd. (30 BV soln. amt. and HSO4- concn. 0.3-0.4 M). The electrolytic redn. of NO₃ from the spent acidic SO₄ soln. proceeded efficiently at low pH on a Cu cathode. Residual concns. of NO₃ 4) consumption as low as 200% (stoichiometric) and nearly no NO₃ in wastewater were achieved.

Matejka, Z. Recovery of salts from mineral waters (1999), patent CZ 285216 B6 19990616.

Recovery of salts from mineral waters involves (1) treatment with a cation exchanger to remove Ca and Mg, (2) contacting with activated Al₂O₃ for selective removal of Si compds., (3) concn. by membrane dialysis (preferably electrodialysis), (4) optional mixing with the regeneration soln. from the cation exchanger contg. substances removed from the mineral waters by the cation exchanger (esp. Ca and Mg), (5) evapn. and crystn. Regeneration of the activated Al₂O₃ is carried out by using a NaOH soln. The steps of (Ca + Mg) removal and electrodialysis are done at 4-73°.

Matejka, Z., Palaty, J. Removal of nitrates from drinking water by using strongly basic anion exchanger (1998), patent CZ 284011 B6 19980715.

Nitrates are removed from drinking water by using a strongly basic anion exchanger contg. a triethylammonium, tripropylammonium, or tributylammonium functional group. The anion exchanger in a hydrogensulfate form is contacted with the nitrate-contg. water. After satn. of the anion exchanger with the nitrates, the anion exchanger is regenerated by using a NaHSO₄, KHSO₄, or NH₄HSO₄ soln., and the resulting nitrate-contg. soln. is subjected to electrolytic redn. After electrolysis, the soln. is replenished by addn. of NaHSO₄, KHSO₄, or NH₄HSO₄ and is re-used as the regeneration soln. for the anion exchanger. The pH of the regeneration soln. is

Matejka, Z.; Zitkova, Z. The sorption of heavy-metal cations from EDTA complexes on acrylamide resins having oligo(ethyleneamine) moieties Reactive & Functional Polymers (1997), 35(1/2), 81-88.

Removal of heavy metals from solns. contg. a powerful chelator EDTA and the sepn. of heavy metals from this anionic ligand are important for the efficient treatment of wastewater and for recovery and reuse of heavy metals. The optimum working conditions of acrylamide sorbents having oligo(ethyleneamine) moieties for uptake of chelated heavy metals (i.e. molar ratio {EDTA:Me}solution, sorption kinetics and soln. flow-rate, concn. of heavy metal and pH value in the loading soln., presence of Mg²⁺ or Ca²⁺ cations), for resin regeneration and for sepn. of EDTA was investigated. Development resins having OEA moieties and some com. available exchangers were studied and compared for this application.

Matejka, Z.; Parschova, H.; Roztocil, P. Chelated heavy metals: recovery and separation from ligands Special Publication - Royal Society of Chemistry (1996), 182(Ion Exchange Developments and Applications), 112-119.

Selective heavy metal removal from wastewater contg. strong anionic complexing agents (e.g., NTA, EDTA) requires a special acrylamide resin having oligo(ethyleneamine) moieties (triethylenetetraamine, tetraethylene-pentaamine, pentaethylenehexamine). Use of ordinary, inexpensive carboxylic or iminodiacetate cation exchangers is not efficient for NTA and EDTA complexes due to the high stability of anionic metal complexes in the treated soln. Weakly acidic carboxylic cation exchanger is also inefficient for metal uptake from citrate solns. It was shown that std. carboxylic or iminodiacetate cation exchangers can be efficiently used to remove heavy metals from anionic complexes, provided suitable oligo(ethyleneamine) ligand is added to the treated soln. Originally present heavy metal anionic complexes were partially transformed into cationic ethyleneamine-metal complexes. Heavy metals present as cationic ethyleneamine complexes were then removed from soln. quant. without problems by cation exchangers (carboxylic or IDA-type). To keep the soln. in an equil. state, anionic metal complexes were gradually, continuously transformed into cationic complexes until the heavy metals were completely removed from soln. by cation exchangers. Breakthrough capacities were strongly dependent on the rate of metal re-complexation between anionic complexes (NTA, EDTA, citrate) and cationic ethyleneamine complexes. Conditions and mechanism of this re-complexation process were studied. Heavy metal sepn. from EA ligands was tested, IDA-resin and picolylamine-type resins were compared, and suitable operating conditions were detd.

Matejka, Z., Kubikova, J., Dittel, R. Regeneration of anion-exchange resin for preparation of potable water (1994), patent CZ 278468 B6 19940119.

The process comprising regenerating anion-exchange resin contg. triethylammonium, tripropylammonium, or tributylammonium functional group with soln. of NaCl or KCl also includes steps of (a) washing the anion-exchange resin after the contact with chloride soln. with potable or distd. water, (b) contacting the resin with a soln. contg. 3-30 wt.% Na₂SO₄, K₂SO₄, or MgSO₄, and (c) washing again with potable or distd. water to remove the sulfates. This anion-exchange resin is used for prepn. of potable water contg.

Pavlicek, J., Kovarik, J., Trneny, J., Placek, M., Karasek, B., Vecerka, F., Matejka, Z. Mixture of mineral oils in the continuous manufacture of high-impact polystyrene (1992), patent CS 273385 B1 19910312.

Mixt. of 5-95% paraffin-naphthenic oil contg. 1-4% fraction volatilized at 250° and 5-95% mineral oil contg. 6-15% volatile fraction is added as a plasticizer of rubber phase into styrene (I) soln. of polybutadiene being fed into the continuous polymn. reactor of impact-resistance polystyrene (II). The volatile oil fraction assists in vacuum stripping of free I from II melt and is recycled with I.

Matejka, Z., Zitkova, Z., Weber, R., Novotna, K. Properties and multipurpose use of chelating resins with oligo(ethyleneamine) moieties in water treatment Edited by Abe, Mitsuo; Kataoka, Takeshi; Suzuki, Takashi New Dev. Ion Exch. Proc. Int. Conf. Ion Exch. (1991), 591-6.

Several new applications were investigated where properties of OEA-moieties can be substantially increase the efficiency of processes such as anion exchange on resin in the pronated form, selective sorption of heavy metal cations from anionic or cationic complexes, and exchange of anionic ligands on resins preloaded by heavy metals.

Strnadova, N., Janda, V., Matejka, Z., Rihova, E. Nitrate removal from drinking water by combined ion exchange and biological denitrification. I. Biological denitrification of regeneration solutions Vodni Hospodarstvi (1990-1992) (1991), 41(6), 209-13.

Removal of nitrates from drinking water by using combination of ion exchange and biol. denitrification was studied. Effects of high salt concn., temp., and pH in a regeneration soln. on biol. denitrification were examd. Strongly basic anion exchangers were regenerated by a soln. contg. NaHCO₃ and/or NaCl. Neither HCO₃^- and Cl^- concns. nor pH affected substantially, efficiency of biol. denitrification. The av. efficiency was 98%.

Matejka, Z.; Weber, R. Ligand exchange sorption of carboxylic and aminocarboxylic anions by chelating resins loaded with heavy metal cations Reactive Polymers (1990), 13(3), 299-308.

The sorption of carboxylic anions (tartrate, citrate) and aminocarboxylic anions (nitrilotriacetate, EDTA) on sorbents having pendant oligo(ethyleneamine) groups in the free base form preloaded with heavy metal cations (Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺) was studied using a mechanism which utilizes both ligand exchange and anion exchange. Leakage of preloaded metals into effluent was eliminated. Aminocarboxylic ligands, which coordinate to metals through N and O donor atoms, are taken up selectively over other common anions in concns.

Zitkova, Z., Matejka, Z. Treatment of decontamination solutions in nuclear power plants with ion exchangers. I. Decontamination with an EDTA solution Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1990), D58, 217-32.

The so-called soft decontamination of the primary circuits of nuclear power stations consists in using sequestering org. substances at low concn. The desired decontamination effect is achieved even at a low concn. of the soln. by selecting substances with a high complexing power (NTA, EDTA) and by continuously removing the radionuclides by means of ion exchangers. Under column conditions, the sorption of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, and Cr³⁺ from a soln. contg. an excess of EDTA was studied on a strongly acidic sulfo acid cation exchanger in the H⁺ from and on sorbents with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) functional groups. The sorption efficiency was studied as a function of the pH value and soln. temp. and the presence of the accompanying cations (Na⁺).

Hudson, M. J.; Matejka, Z. Extraction of copper by selective ion exchanges with pendent ethyleneimine groups - investigation of active states Separation Science and Technology (1989), 24(15), 1417-36.

Selective ion exchangers with pendent ethyleneimine groups of the type -(NHC₂H₄)n.NH₂, where n = 1 to 5, were prepd. and their ability to ext. cationic and anionic-chelated Cu(II) ions were evaluated. Cu was extd. from aq. soln., and the equil. capacities of extn. varied according to the active sites in the selective ion exchangers. The poor exchange properties of selective ion exchangers with short pendent groups were related to the nature of the active coordination sites. The active sites on these selective ion exchangers change from 2 N atoms and 2 O atoms (N₂O₂) with short chains (n = 1) to 4 N atoms when n = 2 to 5. Those which have N4 active sites appear to ext. cationic Cu(II) efficiently, but those with N2O2 sites have low capacities and Cu is easily leached from the resin even when the loading of the resin is low. When Cu is complexed to EDTA to form an anionic complex, a side chain, like pentaethylenehexamine, is required to ext. Cu from aq. soln. A macroporous polystyrene resin has a lower capacity for anionic chelated Cu than a polystyrene gel resin with the same functional groups due to the poorer accessibility of the active (N4) sites to the large anion.

Papukova, K. P.; Samsonov, G. V.; Kuznetsova, N. N.; Zicmanis, A.; Steimane, L.; Stamberg, J., Peska, J., Matejka, Z. Molded ion-exchange material with improved ion-exchange capacity (1987), patent SU 951852 A1 19871223.

The title materials are prepd. by immobilization of an ion exchanger in a microdispersed form in a cellulose deriv. gel. The prodn. of the molded ion exchangers is improved and the exchange capacity increased by mixing the ion exchanger(s) with particle size 0.8-50 μ, swollen in a 5-10% aq. alkali soln., with an aq. 8-10% cellulose xanthate (I) soln. at a 0.25-1:1 wt. ratio of dry ion exchanger to I, dispersing the mixt. in PhCl in the presence of 0.04-0.8% (on PhCl) surfactant at 1:3-5 vol. ratio of the I-ion exchanger mixt. to PhCl at 18-25°, heating the dispersion for 30-40 min at 90-100°, sepg. the molded granules, and finally hydrolyzing the xanthate groups of I.

Matejka, Z., Berger, J., Minovsky, J., Eliasek, J. Anion exchanger regeneration for drinking water treatment for water with nitrate content below 15 mg/l and with chloride content below 100 mg/l (1987), patent CS 234288 B1 19850416.

A safe prodn. of potable water contg. ≤15 mg/L NO₃^- and ≤100 mg/L Cl^- is realized with an anion exchanger regenerated with a soln. contg. 2-4% NaCl or KCl and 3-5% aq. NaHCO₃ or KHCO₃, and washed during out-of-operation periods with recirculated water satd. with CO2 at 0.2-0.4 MPa. The method increases the capacity of anion exchangers to remove NO₃^- and prevents microbial contamination. Thus, a filter contg. Wofatit Y53 which was regenerated by this method was used to treat water contg. NO₃^- 36.4, SO₄^2- 24, and Cl^-28 mg/L (alky. 1.95 mequiv/L) giving potable water contg. 3^- and 23 mg/L Cl^- in a cycle using 350 mL H₂O/mL exchanger at sp. loading 4 m³/h-m.

Vokacova, M.; Matejka, Z.; Eliasek, J. Sorption of ammonium ions by clinoptilolite and by strongly acidic cation exchangers Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica (1986), 14(6), 605-11.

Thermal treatment of clinoptilolite (I) [12173-10-3] increased its attrition resistance and its selective adsorption of NH₄⁺ from wastewaters. The breakthrough capacity of I from Nizny Hrabovee, Czechoslovakia was twice as great as that of I from Tokai, Hungary. The total sorption capacity of I for NH₄⁺ is not >25% of the capacity of a strongly acidic resin in the absence of other cations. The concn. of NH₄⁺ should not be >30 mg/L in I adsorption to avoid a too short filter run period. NaNO₃ was less effective than NaCl in the regeneration of I. The desorption of Cs from I was not efficient which is not a disadvantage since ion exchangers used in the treatment of radioactive wastes are not usually regenerated.

Benes, M., Kahovec, J.,Tokar, O., Matejka, Z., Stamberg, J. Oligo(ethylenimine) derivatives of cellulose beads (1985), patent CS 225376 B1 19840213.

The title derivs. are prepd. by reaction of 4-toluenesulfonyl derivs. of cellulose (I) beads with polyethylene polyamines (contg. 1-10 iminoethylene units) in H₂O or C1-5 alcs. at 40-150°. Thus, 16 mL I tosylate beads (contg. 4.3 mmol tosyl groups) in 30 mL EtOH was treated with 4 g diethylenetriamine at 80° for 10 h to give a product contg. 1.65 mmol bound diethylenetriamine/g solids.

Matejka, Z., Eliasek, J. Separating heavy metals from complex-forming substances such as aminocarboxylic acids or their salts in aqueous solutions (1985), patent DE 3517400 A1 19851205.

Heavy metals are sepd. from complexing materials, esp. aminocarboxylic acids, by ion exchange using a resin with chelate-forming polyethyleneimine groups and subsequent elution with acid soln. at 0.5-30% with optional pretreatment for selective elution by contacting with an aq. soln. contg. K, Na, Ca, or Mg as Cl^-, SO₄^2-, or NO₃^- at 0.01-10 M or with pretreatment before ion exchange by addn. of a soln. contg. Ca or Mg as Cl^-, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, HCO₃^-, or oxide at 0.1-100 mM. The exchanger is regenerated with an aq. soln. contg. alkali metal hydroxide carbonate, or hydrogen carbonate 0.5-30%. Thus, Cu was sepd. from a plating bath contg. Cu 0.5 mM and EDTA 0.55 mM at pH 8.9 by ion exchange at 150 mL/h with resin contg. tetraethylenepentamine groups. The resulting bath concn. was 0.1 mg/L after 36 column vols. Elution was with 1.5 M H2SO4 120 mL, at 60 mL/h.

Matejka, Z.; Eliasek, J. The use of bead cellulose anion exchangers for ultra-pure water production Edited by Naden, David; Streat, Michael Ion Exch. Technol. (1984), 153-9.

The ability and efficiency of the bead cellulose anion exchangers to take up higher-mol.-wt. humic acids were investigated. Desorption of these substances from cellulose resins proceeds almost quant. Sorption capacity toward low-mol.-wt. acids is rather poor. Equil. sorption and desorption tests, comparative dynamic (column) runs with styrene and cellulosic resins and gel chromatog. anal. of the raw and treated water proved the suitability of the bead cellulose resins to act as a simple and cheap substitute for flocculation in the prodn. of ultrapure water.

Matejka, Z. Bead cellulose anion exchangers for ultrapure water Effluent & Water Treatment Journal (1984), 24(7), 275-7.

Bead cellulose anion exchangers, e.g., Ostsorb DEAE [93793-36-3] (a weakly-basic resin) and Ostsorb TMHP [93793-37-4] (a strongly-basic resin) were more effective in removing the higher-mol.-wt. portion of humic acids from water than conventional weakly- and strongly-basic resins. The bead cellulose anion exchangers are a simple and inexpensive substitute for clarification in the prodn. of ultrapure water.

Kahovec, J., Benes, M., Tokar, O.,; Matejka, Z. Complexon derivatives of pearl cellulose (1984), patent CS 225503 B1 19840213.

Polymers useful in complexing or sepn. of heavy metals or purifn. of wastewater are prepd. by treating oligo(ethylenimine) derivs. of cellulose with excess ClCH₂CO₂H soln. and neutralization. Thus, 15 mL wet diethylenetriamine deriv. of pearl cellulose (1.63 mmol bound amine/g solids) and 9.6 g ClCH₂CO₂H and 5.3 g Na₂CO₃ in 20 mL water were heated at 80° and pH 7-8. The product contained 5.32% N (1.27 mmol bound complexon/g solid) and had sorption capacity ∼6.6 mg Cu++/mL wet resin.

Matejka, Z., Stamberg, J., Benes, M. Bead cellulose sulfonic acid cation exchanger - kinetic properties and resistance to organic fouling Reactive Polymers, Ion Exchangers, Sorbents (1984), 3(1), 33-6. |

The exchange rate of small inorg. cations on a cellulose cation exchanger with sulfohydroxypropyl groups in bead form is faster by an order of magnitude than on gel-type styrene sulfonic acid resins. This was verified for film diffusion as well as for particle diffusion controlled exchange. Compared with styrene-divinylbenzene cation exchangers, the cellulose exchanger possesses a higher resistant towards org. fouling by an org. polyvalent cation (tetraethylenepentamine), but it is more sensitive to fouling by a large, univalent, surface-active cation (cetyltrimethylammonium).

Matejka, Z.; Kahovec, J.; Svec, F. Immobilized complexon amides-cation exchangers of high chelating activity Polymer Bulletin (Berlin, Germany) (1983), 9(1-2-3), 139-43.

Several complexon cation exchangers with EDTA or DTPA complexon groupings attached through the amide bond to a polymer matrix of bead cellulose or methacrylate copolymer were prepd. The cation exchangers are comparatively stable to alk. hydrolysis. The chelating ability of the sorbents was examd. by measuring the distribution coeffs. in Cu(II) and Ni(II) sorption from EDTA solns. In spite of the low total capacity, cation exchangers contg. immobilized DTPA have distribution coeffs. an order of magnitude higher than those of a com. iminodiacetic resin.

Herrera, T., Matejka, Z. Eliasek, J. Cation exchange kinetics on carboxylic acid resins in a multicomponent system ‾H-M⁺-M²⁺Desalination (1983), 48(2), 161-9.

The exchange kinetics in systems where a carboxylic cation exchange resin in the free acid form comes into contact with solns., contg. Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, HCO₃^- and SO₄^2- were followed by a shallow bed technique. The relation between the sorption rates of univalent and divalent cations as well as kinetics of competitive exchange in a ternary system ‾H-Na⁺-Mg²⁺ were studied at low soln. concns. The effect of polymer matrix crosslinking was also studied. The behavior of a sulfonic acid resin under the same conditions was given for comparison. The results were discussed in terms of different degrees of selectivities and degrees of dissocn. of the carboxylic and sulfonic functional groups.

Kahovec, J., Matejka, Z., Tomasek, J. Polymeric polydonorcomplexons and their use (1983), patent DE 3240006 A1 19830707.

Chelating resins contain (HO₂CCH₂)₂N(CH₂CH₂Z)nCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CO₂H)₂ groups (Z = O, S, NCH₂CO₂H; n = 1-3) bonded to linear or 3-dimensional polymers by ester or amide bonds. Thus, heating 3.4 g dry cellulose beads and 7.2 g diethylenetriaminepentaacetic dianhydride in 100 mL pyridine at 65° for 24 h gave a cellulose ester [87244-43-7] with N content 3.86% (0.92 mmol bonded ligand/g polymer) and Cu (II) capacity 0.82 mmol/g.

Matejka, Zdenek; Pechova, Martina; Eliasek, Jaroslav Effect of a quaternary surfactant upon the kinetics of proton-magnesium(2+) ion exchange on sulfonic acid cation exchangers Reactive Polymers, Ion Exchangers, Sorbents (1983), 1(3), 207-13.

The dynamic and static effect of a quaternary surfactant on the rate of H+-Mg2+ exchange on sulfonic acid cation exchange resins of various porosity (gelular and macroporous) in the ranges of film diffusion control and particle diffusion control has been investigated.

Rousar, I., Ruzickova, D., Holub, R., Braunova, H., Matejka, Z., Prokupek, J. Condensates from sulfite pulp manufacture (1982)patent CS 192079 B1 19790831.

Condensates from exhaust gases from digesters and from evaporators of spent sulfite liquor are first distd. to sep. furfural (I) [98-01-1] and MeOH [64-17-5], followed by processing the residue on anion exchangers. Distn. of the regenerate (obtained from the anion exchanger by elution with Na₂SO₃ or NaHSO₃ solns.) yields I, whereas the bottoms, contg. mainly ACoNa and HCO₂Na, are used along with the spent sulfite liquor in yeast manuf.

Matejka, Z., Michek, V., Macura, J. Nitrate removal from drinking water (1982), patent CS 197930 B1 19800530.

Passing water contg. 17 mg/L NO₃^- through a column of a strongly basic anion exchanger in the Cl^- form (or optionally a combination of the Cl^-, HCO₃^- , and SO₄^2- forms) removes NO₃^- entirely without affecting the taste of the water.

Matejka, Z.; Eliasek, J. Liquid-side diffusion-controlled cation-exchange kinetics. Comparison between macroporous and gelular resins Desalination (1982), 42(3), 315-20.

The rates of H⁺-Mg²⁺ exchange at low soln. concn. on several styrenesulfonic acid resins with either a macroporous or gelular matrix were measured by the shallow-bed technique. The kinetics of Mg²⁺ uptake on macroporous and gelular resins were compared. The location of the liq.-solid interphase in the resin bead, where the ion diffusion rate controlled the overall exchange rate, was estd.

Macura, J., Matejka, Z., Eliasek, J. Ion exchange kinetics in multicomponent systems on strongly acidic cationic exchange resins Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1982), D45, 135-52.

Ion exchange kinetics in the systems H⁺-Na⁺, H⁺-Ca²⁺, and H⁺-Na⁺-Ca²⁺ were studied at 25° with the use of strongly acidic cation exchangers. The effects of the particle size, degree of netting, concn. of the ions and acidity were studied on the exchange rate with the exchanger in spinning bed. The H⁺-ion exchange is inhibited by soln. acidity. The H⁺-Ca²⁺ exchange rate exhibits an anomalous increase in the pCH⁺ interval 2.0-1.7. The kinetic dependences in the H⁺-Na⁺-Ca²⁺ system passes through a max., the height of which is directly proportional to the Na⁺ concn.

Benes, M. J.; Stamberg, J.; Ocenasek, M.; Matejka, Z. Mercury sorbents with thiol and quaternary ammonium groups Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie (1980), 91, 109-15. Macroporous bifunctional Hg adsorbents contg. both quaternary ammonium and thiol groups were prepd. by treating poly[(vinylbenzyl)triethylammonium chloride] with KSCSOEt followed by treatment with NH₄OH. Both active groups complemented one another raising selectivity at high dilns. and capacity in the presence of excessive alkali chlorides and regenerability in repeated cycles.

Kahovec, J.; Matejka, Z.; Stamberg, J. EDTA ester of bead cellulose, a fast-kinetics chelating sorbent Polymer Bulletin (Berlin, Germany) (1980), 3(1-2), 13-17.

Crosslinked cellulose EDTA ester (I) [56093-81-3] (1-1.3 mmol bound EDTA/g) was prepd. from bead cellulose and EDTA dianhydride. The stability of Cu(II) chelates at low pH and the rate of exchange of Cu are much higher for I than for cellulose iminodiacetate. The ester is stable in neutral and acidic medium, but is hydrolyzed by alkalies.

Matejka, Z.; Erlebach, J.; Savvides, K.; Ioannis, H.; Eliasek, J. Regeneration of the acrylic weak base anion exchange resin by means of sodium carbonate Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica (1980), 8(2), 187-90.

The mechanism of regeneration of a weakly basic acrylic anion exchangers, such as Wofatit Y 17 [70088-55-0] by Na2CO3 is presented and discussed.

Ocenasek, M., Matejka, Z., Kriz, V. Sorption of mercury from aqueous solutions on polar sorbents Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1980), D 41, 43-64.

Removal of Hg from wastewater was most effective with Lewatit OC 1014 (I) [58449-44-8], a Hg selective cation exchange resin, but in Cl--contg. waters a strongly basic anion resin, Ostion ATP 3011 (II) [78810-26-1], in which the Me₃NH⁺ was replaced with thiol groups was also effective, whereas a chelating cationic resin, Lewatit TP 207 [57285-14-0] was least effective. I was best regenerated with Na₂S and II with concd. HCl. Sorption was not by exchange of counterions but by a chem. reaction between the resin functional group and Hg ions.

Matejka, Z., Erlebach, J. Regeneration of an electrolytic polishing bath with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1980), D 41, 65-70.

The content of Fe in a contaminated bath contg. H₃PO₄ 600, H₂SO₄ 200 and Fe 20 g/L was decreased to 25% of its initial value when a strongly acidic macroporous cation exchanger (Lewatit SP 120) was used. The content of Cr, Mo, and Ni is decreased to 25% as well. Optimum regeneration with 15% H₂SO₄detd. from elution curves is 2 vols. related to the exchanger vol. The equil. sorption capacity of the exchanger for Fe is 35.9% of the total capacity, the selectivity coeff. being 10.1. When 2 columns in a series are used regeneration is necessary after passing 2.2 vols. of bath as related to the exchanger vol.

Matejka, Z., Eliasek, J. Kinetics of sorption and desorption of hydrochloric acid and low molecular weight organic acids by styrene and acrylic weak base resins Water Research (1980), 14(5), 467-70.

Several important parameters for the operation of ion exchange resins in water treatment, such as breakthrough capacity, max. flow rate, and efficiency and reversibility of org. matter sorption and desorption, exhibit a close connection with the ion exchange rate. Therefore this value, expressed as the exchange half-time (t0.5) can be used as a criterion for a proper resin type choice and can also help to judge its use for obtaining treated water of required compn. The sorption and desorption rates of HCl [7647-01-0], caproic acid [142-62-1] and sulfonsalicylic acid [97-05-2] by styrene and acrylic weak base resins were estd., and the results obtained with particular resins were compared. Attention was paid to the effect of gelular and macroporous matrix and soln. concn. Acrylic resins are preferable for sorption and desorption of HCl at low concns., at higher concns. macroporous-styrene resins are better. Sorption of low-mol. org. acids is primarily controlled by selectivity and proceeds faster on acrylic resins at all concns. Desorption is governed by the concn. of the elution soln. rather than by selectivity and occurs faster on macroporous styrene resins. The macroporous matrix generally has a substantially smaller kinetic advantage when using acrylic rather than styrene weak base resins.

Benes, M.; Stamberg, J.; Ocenasek, M.; Matejka, Z. Mercury sorbents with thiol and quaternary ammonium groups Prepr. Short Contrib. - Bratislava IUPAC Int. Conf. Modif. Polym., 5th (1979), 1, 12-17.

Thiol groups were introduced into a strongly basic anion exchanger to give an adsorbent with a high affinity for chloro complexes of Hg in alk. solns. A water slurry of poly(vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride) was transferred (25 mL) to EtOH by washing and refluxed 9.5 h with 9.14 g K Et xanthogenate in 87.5 mL EtOH. The product was hydrolyzed with 85 mL 7.5% NH₄OH 12 h at room temp. The resulting resin maintained a high capacity for adsorption of Hg over many adsorption-desorption cycles, while a com. anion exchanger gradually lost its capacity due to deterioration of active sites.

Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Eliasek, J., Mostecky, J.,Ocenasek, M., Matejka, Z.Treatment of surface waters and power engineering condensates containing organic cations (1978), patent CS 171820 B1 19761129.

Eliasek, J. Matejka, Z. Tejchman, P. Reaction kinetics of weakly basic anion exchange resins Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1977), D 35, 43-59.

The kinetics of sorption and desorption of HCl at different concns. was studied for anion exchange resins with different structures (Wofatit AD 41, Lewatit MP 62, Amberlite IRA 93, Amberlite IRA 94S, Amberlite IRA 45, Zerolit HIP-isoporous, Amberlite IRA 68, and Lewatit CA 9222). Relations modified for the method of the infinite soln. vol. were used for detn. of the controlling process of sorption. The controlling process is the diffusion through a particle; only in the case of the monofunctional styrene gel resin Amberlite IRA 45 was the sorption controlled by reaction with a functional group. Electrolyte invasion causes higher sorption and desorption rates of the styrene macroporous anion exchange resins in comparison with the gel types. The sorption rates of acrylate resins are high, esp. in the region of low concns., in spite of a lower effect of the electrolyte invasion. The resin porosity has more effect on the sorption rate than the basicity index does.

Eliasek, J. Matejka, Z. Kinetics of copper uptake from nitrilotriacetic acid medium on cation exchange resins Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1977), D 35, 35-42.

Cation exchange resins (Lewatit S 100, Lewatit TP 207) were used for Cu uptake from complexes with org. acids used for the surface treatment of metals in the electroplating industry. The rate of Cu uptake was detd. in relation to pH and the presence of Na in a soln. The strongly-acidic Lewatit S 100 can be used only in the H-form, which can secure the necessary decrease in the complex stability. If there is an excess of NTA in the soln., then Cu will pass (depending on the concn. of the accompanying cations) again into the complex with NTA. The chelating iminodiacetate resin Lewatit TP 207 collects Cu more slowly, but the reaction is not affected either by accompanying cations or excess NTA.

Eliasek, J.; Matejka, Z. Kinetics of ion exchange. X. Effect of electrolyte invasion on the ion exchange rate of a strongly acidic cation exchanger Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications (1977), 42(6), 1782-5.

The conditions under which electrolyte invasion affects the exchange rate, even in the case of strongly acidic cation exchangers, were investigated. The exchange rates of gel exchangers (Dowex 50X8, Dowex 50X16) and macroporous cation exchangers (Amberlite IR 200 with 22% divinyl benzene) were compared, employing different compns. and concns. of the external electrolyte solns. The exptl. conditions ensured the exchage rate to be controlled predominantly by the particle diffusion. Under certain conditions, the exchange rate of the macroporous exchanger is higher than that of the gel exchanger contg. the same amt. of the cross-linking agent. This effect depends on the soln. concn. and the charges of the counterions, or the exchange rate of the macroporous exchanger is affected by the electrolyte invasion.

Kadlec, V., Matejka, Z. Demineralization of solutions (1975), patent CS 158423 B1 19741125.

The treated feed water was passed downwards through a bed charged with a 1:1.5 mixt. of a strongly acid cation exchanger and a strongly basic anion exchanger. Exhausted ion exchangers were sepd. by sp. wt. by flushing with water from the bottom and reactivated with 10% HCl and 4% NaOH, resp., at 120-140% of the theoretical amt. necessary for the recovery.

Matejka, Z., Ocenasek, M., Eliasek, J., Mostecky, J., Uher, J., Prokupek, J., Tuna, J. Simultaneous removal of aldehydes, ketones, and acids from solutions by anion exchangers (1974), patent DE 2426274 A1 19741205.

Oxo compds. are removed from aq. or nonaq. solns., e.g., paper industry waste water, by weakly or moderate basic anion exchangers in the HSO₃ form, because of strong retention of the formed α-hydroxy sulfonic anions by the exchangers. Optionally, a weakly basic anion exchanger is converted to the HSO₃ form by the SO₂ in the soln. By the use of weakly instead of strongly basic exchangers the effective vol. capacity was increased. Thus, a soln. contg. 42 mequiv. AcOH/l., 2 mequiv. HCO₂H/l., 5 mmoles MeCHO/l. and 10 mmoles SO₂/l. was passed over a weakly basic anion exchanger (Wofatit AD 41) in form of the free base at sp. load 10 l./hr/l. The exchanger had effective vol. capacity 1.03 equiv./l.

Kadlec, V., Matejka, Z. Desalination of water by combined ion exchange and precipitation reactions (1973), patent CS 151200 B1 19730917.

Waters with a high content of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were treated with a strongly basic anion exchanger contg. quaternary ammonium groups in CO₃^- form which brought about anion exchange and pptn. of CaCO₃ and/(or) MgCO₃. The sludge was sand filtered. Spent ion exchanger columns were regenerated by alternative washing and aeration and treatment with a carbonate soln.

Matejka, Z., Kadlec, V. Demineralization of solutions (1973), patent CS 149890 B1 19730823.

A combination of ion exchangers in a vertical 2-layer through-flow column is given which affords a high rate of flow and easy regeneration. The top exchanger bed contains a 1:1.5 mixt. of strongly acid cation exchanger and a strongly basic anion exchanger with dimethylethanolammonium functional groups. The bottom exchanger bed contains a mixt. of strongly acid cation exchanger with trimethylammonium functional groups which occupies 27% of the total anion exchanger vol. in both beds. The processed soln. is passed through both beds from the top downwards. During the regeneration cycle the feed of the liq. is reversed.

Kadlec, V., Sakar, F., Brodsky, A., Krejcik, J., Matejka, Z., Kittler, J. Ion exchange with partially countercurrent regeneration of the ion exchanger (1973), patent CS 149540 B1 19730725.

A vertical cylinder is charged with ion exchanger and the treated liq. passed simultaneously in 2 feeds from the top and at the bottom of the cylinder, resp. The processed liq. is discharged by means of a collector placed inside the ion exchanger column at a level which divides the ionex bed into 2 vols. which are proportional to the vols. of the resp. feeds. The process gives results which are equal to the classical systems and has advantages in half loss of pressure at the same outputand easier regeneration of the ion exchanger bed. The regenerating liq. is fed at the top of the cylinder and discharged at the bottom.

Kadlec, V., Matejka, Z. Demineralization of solutions by cation exchange. (1973), CS 149735 B1 19730823.

Feed waters were passed through a bed of a medium strong phosphonate type cation exchanger in H+ form which exchanged all Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions for H+. Subsequent treatment of the effluent with a strongly acid cation exchanger removed the Na+ and K+ ions. In the given combination, the phosphonate ion exchanger is superior over the usual ion exchange systems in favorable exchange kinetics, higher useful capacity and sp. load. It saves regeneration acid which is first fed into the strongly acid cation exchanger bed and the effluent used to recover the phosphonate cation exchanger.

Kadlec, V., Matejka, Z. Partial deionization or demineralization of solutions (1973), patent CS 150064 B1 19730904.

Feed water was passed through a column of a medium acid cation exchanger in H-form contg. P in the functional group to exchange Ca²⁺and Mg²⁺ and partially exchange Na at the beginning of the cycle. The effluent had mineral acidity corresponding to the Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺counterbalanced by strong acid. Subsequently CO₂ was stripped by aeration and water passed through a basic anion exchanger in OH-form. The P-contg. cation exchanger was regenerated with a stoichiometric amt. of HCl or H₂SO₄.

Kadlec, V., Matejka, Z. Separation by uni- and multivalent cations and selective deionization by a phosphonic cation exchanger Journal of Applied Chemistry & Biotechnology (1973), 23(1), 41-50.

The phosphonic cation exchanger in free acid form is able to remove multivalent cations from neutral and medium acidic solns. of salts of strong acids and is regenerated by a stoichiometric amt. of regenerating agent. It is possible to sep. multivalent cations from univalent cations in a simple way by means of a phosphonic cation exchanger, followed by a weakly basic anion exchange resin. This results in a selective or partial deionization of solns. with an eventual recovery of multivalent cations using an economical regeneration dosage and with a min. of waste.

Matejka, Z. Fields of application of electrodeionization and the electrodialytic regeneration of ion exchanger mixtures Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica (1973), 1(3), 323-4.

Electrodeionization allowed continuous ion exchange on a solid bed layer with com. ion exchangers. The ion exchanger was operated in the electrodialysis mode. In electrodeionization the silicic acid was adsorbed on the surface of the anion exchanger and subsequently dissociated. The desalination of water contg. humic acid showed decreasing electrolytic efficiency. Dipolar ion exchangers were regenerated electrodialytically.

Kadlec, V., Matejka, Z., Ocenasek, M. Regeneration of mixed ion exchanger bed in sit (1972), patent CS 146595 19721215.

Mixts. of a slightly acidic cation exchanger contg. carboxylic or phenol groups, and a slightly basic anion exchanger contg. amino groups are regenerated by a single feed of water satd. with CO₂ which is passed countercurrently to the direction of the deionization cycle. During the regeneration cycle, H₂O and CO₂ react with the cation (X) retained by the cation exchanger during the deionization cycle to yield X+ and HCO₃^-which takes part in the regeneration of the anion exchanger. This reacts with X+ and HCO₃^- to give the free base and the HCO₃^- form. From the effluent, CO₂ can be stripped by aeration and recycled.

Mostecky, J., Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Eliasek, J., Matejka, Z. Selective recovery of nonferrous metals from industrial waste waters(1972), patent CS 145167 19720915.

Matejka, Z. Continuous electrodeionization and electrodialytic regeneration of ion-exchangers Chemicky Prumysl (1972), 22(7), 356-7.

Advantages and drawbacks of the title processes are discussed from the point of view of the effect of the compn. of treated solns. on the current efficiency of the processes and of the regeneration of mixts. of cation- and anion-exchange resins and amphoteric ion-exchange resins. Some results of the application of the title processes for removing SiO2 and humic acids from water and for regenerating granular and powd. ion-exchange resins are given.

Mach, L., Machova, H., Matejka, Z. Search for correlations for evaluation of the suitability of raw materials in mineral wool production by the GUHA method Stavivo (1972), 50(2), 49-51.

Description of the principle and an example of the application of the GUHA method for the soln. of complicated technol. problems during the mineral wool production such as the influence of the rock compn. on the melt, the suitability of charges, and the suitability of individual rocks for the wool production

Talasek, V., Mostecky, J.,Vosta, J., Eliasek, J., Matejka, Z. Separation of nonferrous metals from calcium-containing solutions using weak acid or chelating ion exchangers Chemický Průmysl (1972), 22(2), 69-71.

Matejka, Z., Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Mostecky, J.,Eliasek, J., Singer, P. Regeneration of mixed-bed ion exchangers (1971), patent CS 140562 19710315.

Matejka, Z., Kadlec, V. Regeneration of strongly basic cation exchanger (1970), patent CS 137851 19700815.

Styrene-divinylbenzene resins, contg. quaternary N groups, are regenerated by a 2-step process which saves NaOH and efficiently removes H₂SiO₃ and org. contaminants. The column is washed with a 1-3% NaCl soln. alkalized with NaOH to pH 8-14 and subsequently with a 2-4% NaOH soln. The process is esp. useful in the treatment of feed water.

Matejka, Z. Continuous production of high-purity water by electrodeionization Journal of Applied Chemistry & Biotechnology (1971), 21(4), 117-20.

Operating conditions were investigated for a packed-bed membrane cell for electrodeionization of brackish or tap water to give high-purity water with elec. cond. of the order 0.1 μmho/cm. Flow rates of 10-40 hr-1, c.ds. of 0.5-5 mA/cm2, and incoming soln. concns. of up to 0.01N were used. Strongly acidic cation-exchange resin plus strongly basic anion-exchange resin in the vol. ratio 1:1 was the most effective, and the particle size needed to be 60-80 mesh and resin bed thickness 3 mm for optimum current efficiency in purifying water to the accepted std.

Ocenasek, M., Kadlec, V., Matejka, Z. Regeneration of weakly alkaline anion exchange resins Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1969), 18, 39-47.

The possibility of decreasing the necessary amt. of H₂O needed for regeneration of anion-exchange resins fouled with org. materials, based on using NaHCO₃ instead of NaOH, was studied and tested successfully.

Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Matejka, Z., Eliasek, J., Mostecky, J., Singer, P. Treatment of condensate in power engineering installations (1969), patent CS 133232 19690715.

Kadlec, V., Matejka, Z. Mixed bed de-ionization by weak electrolyte ion-exchange resins regenerated in situ by carbon dioxide Journal of Applied Chemistry (1969), 19(12), 352-5.

Phenol-carboxylic types of weakly acidic cation exchangers have significant salt-splitting characteristics, which improve the kinetics of a mixed bed composed of weakly dissocd. ion-exchange resins. This system seems to be effective for de-ionization of high-salinity water and has produced water of suitable quality and sufficient break-through capacity. Weak electrolyte ion-exchange resins in a mixed bed can be regenerated with water satd. with CO₂ with possible re-use of the gas.

Matejka, Z. Continuous and simultaneous removal of anions and dissolved oxygen from water by an ion exchange membrane cell Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (1968), 41(4), 1024-5.

A modified ion-exchange process based on the interaction of dissolved O with a SO₃^2- form of a strong base anion exchange resin is described for the removal of dissolved O from anion-free water. The process is carried out continuously in an electrolytic membrane cell. SO₃^2-are transported under the influence of an applied elec. potential across an anion exchange membrane Permaplex A-20 into a packed compartment; thus particles of resin are continuously converted into SO₃^2-- form. SO₄^2- which result from the reaction of O on SO₃^2-, are transported across the membrane into an anode compartment. A method for avoiding contamination of the deoxygenated water by SO₃^2- is described. Resin in the packed membrane cell is continuously and simultaneously converted into SO₃^2- and OH^- form and is capable of the quant. uptake of both dissolved O and anions from the water. By a variation of the conditions on which the concn. polarization depends, the ratio of the functional groups converted into OH^- and SO₃^2- forms can be varied, and enabling the treatment of solns. which are rich in anions. It is possible to reduce the dissolved O content to

Kadlec, V., Matejka, Z.; Ocenasek, M. Sodium bicarbonate as regenerating agent for weakly basic anion exchangers. Mitteilungen der Vereinigung der Grosskesselbesitzer (1967), No. 108, 209-10.

In the regeneration of weakly basic anion exchangers, e.g. Wofatit L150 or Amberlite IR 145, with 4% NaOH, Na₂CO₃, or NH4OH the consumption of water for washing increases over 3 years from 7, 6, and 6 times the resin bed vol. to 47, 39, and 15 times, resp. By using NaHCO₃as the regenerating agent the vol. of washing water remains at 5 times the bed vol. with considerable saving in time and water consumption in industrial plants.

Ocenasek, M.; Matejka, Z. The influence of organic matter on anion exchangers Sb. Vysoke Skoly Chem. Technol. Praze, Technol. Vody (1962), 5(2), 293-312.

Asmit 259 or similar weakly basic porous anion exchangers can deionize water and remove from it org. matter. It is regenerated with satd. NaHCO₃ soln. and requires 178 g. NaHCO₃/l. of resin. Regeneration with alk. soln. of NaCl after 60 cycles, when the resin required 4.5 g. O/l. of resin for the oxidn. of org. matter with Ce^4+, brought it back to the original value. The capacity of Asmit 259 has not been impaired during the expts. and remained 300 meq./l.

Matejka, Z. Operating experience with magnetic water treatment Chemicky Prumysl (1966), 16(6), 322-6.

Parameters and informations are given about the Czechoslovakian device for magnetic water treatment MUV, which is equiv. to CEPI W of a Belgian firm EPURO and which is suitable for treating of water with max. 200 mg. of salts/l. No inhibition of the surface corrosion caused by CO₂ and reported for CEPI W was observed; only the corrosion by O was inhibited in some cases at an elevated temp. This fact was caused probably by a protecting coat of Fe₃O₄ formed from Fe(OH)₃ by the release of H. This reaction was more rapid in a magnetic field.

Matejka, Z. Reduction and oxidation of liquids and of ionic and nonionic constituents of liquids. Electrodialysis apparatus (1965), patent CS 114667 19650515.

A method and app. are described in which the processed liquid is passed continuously onto an ion exchanger resin or adsorbent. This, in turn, is treated counter- or concurrently with ions of regenerating electrolyte supplied and removed by elec. current. Thus, to remove dissolved O, the processed H₂O is passed into a compartment contg. a standard strongly basic anion exchanger resin between 2 membranes in SO₃^2- cycle. Dissolved O reacts with SO₃^2- and the resulting SO₄^2- ions are continuously removed from the resin through the membrane into the adjoining compartment with streaming H₂O or electrolyte to provide sufficient elec. cond. of the app. Simultaneously are fed SO₃^2- ions from the regeneration compartment which is sepd. from the cathode space by a cation exchanger membrane to prevent migration of OH^- ions. The content of salts in the treated H₂O is not raised by the described process.

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Prof. Ing. František Karas, DrCs (*1896 - †1966)

1954 - 1966 vedoucí Katedry tepelné techniky

1953 – 1955 prorektor pro věci vědecké

1955 – 1956 děkan Fakulty technologie paliv a vody

1957 – 1958 prorektor pro vědu a výzkum

1958 – 1959 prorektor pro vědecko-výzkumnou činnost

Narozen v roce 1896 v Sušici.

Absolvoval reálné gymnázium v Sušici a Fakultu chemicko-technologického inženýrství ČVUT v Praze. Působil jako chemik v elektrárně v Holešovicích a poté jako ředitel Výzkumného ústavu energetického v Praze. V roce 1953 obdržel titul doktora věd a v témže roce byl ustanoven profesorem pro obor „Tepelná technika“. V roce 1954 byl pověřen vedením Katedry tepelné techniky. Osobou profesora Karase byl předznamenán celý vývoj této katedry: šlo o význačného odborníka z praxe, který však byl stále v tvůrčím a pracovním kontaktu zejména s profesorem Schulzem a později pak s profesorem Landou.

Byl jedním z prvních chemiků v energetice, kde řešil problémy spojené s provozem velkých energetických zařízení: otázky stárnutí izolačních a turbinových olejů, výstavba eventuálně modernizace úpraven vody pro napájení parních kotlů, kontrola provozů kotelen, protikorozní ochrana teplárenských sítí atd.

Karas, F., Vošta, J.,Talášek, V. Protection of steam lines of power plants from corrosion (1968), patent CS 127179 19680415.

Karas, F. Eliášek, J.; Palatý, V. Rapid method for the determination of sulfates (1958) Voda 37, 316-17.

A modification of the use of thoron [1-(o-arsonophenylazo)-2-naphthol-3:6-disulphonic acid] as metallochromic indicator (Fritz and Yamamura, CA 49, 15631d) is described. Procedure: Pass the sample contg. dissolved sulfate through a cation-exchange column (Wofatit KPS-200), discard the 1st 10 ml. of the eluate, and to another 10-25 ml. add HClO₄ or NaOH until the pH is 3-5 and iso-PrOH in excess; add indicator soln. (0.2% aq. soln.) (2-4 drops) and titrate the yellow soln. with 0.01 to 0.05N Ba(ClO₄)₂ (in 80% iso-PrOH) until pink. The method yields good results for the detn. of sulfates in H₂O, fuels, or coal (after combustion and oxidn.) and in biol. materials.

Karas, F. Pelikán, J. Preparing a silicic acid sol by means of ion exchangers (1959), patent CS 89818 19590415.

Passing 2500 ml. soln. contg. SiO₂ 2.63, Na₂O plus K₂O 0.78, NH₃ 0.50, CaO plus MgO 0.01, Fe₂O₃ plus Al₂O₃ 0.16, SO₄ ion 0.001, and chloride ion 0.001% over 1000 ml. of the acid exchanger Katex FN at a rate 50 ml./min., washing the column with 10 l. H₂O, and eluting with 900 ml. of 5% HCl gives 2100 ml. soln. contg. approx. 2.6% SiO₂ with a ratio of SiO₂:(Na₂O plus K₂O) equal to 5000:1.

Karas, F. Pelikán, J. Preparation of very pure silica gel (1958) Chemický Průmysl 8 (33)2, 59-61.

Ion exchangers "Katex FN" and "Anex MFD" are suitable for prepg. a silicic acid sol from dild. water-glass; the SiO₂ gel prepd. from this sol. is very pure.

Karas, F. High-pressure steam and silicon dioxide (1948) Chemický Obzor 23, 49-51.

The difficulties caused by SiO₂ in high-pressure steam turbines are discussed.

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doc. Ing. František PANÁČEK, CSc. (*1936)

1990 – 1997 proděkan FTOP pro pedagogickou práci

1990 – 1997 člen vědecké rady FTOP

Narozen v roce 1936 v Dobroutově, okres Jihlava.

Maturoval na Gymnáziu v Jihlavě. V letech 1954-1960 studoval na Fakultě technologie paliv a vody VŠCHT v Praze, na Katedře koksárenství a plynárenství. V letech 1960-1961 byl zaměstnán jako samostatný projektant v Energoprojektu. Od roku 1961 působil na VŠCHT v Praze jako asistent, od roku 1964 jako odborný asistent na Katedře energetiky. V roce 1967 obhájil kandidátskou disertační práci na téma „Tvorba a hodnocení oxidických ochranných vrstev v parních generátorech“. V roce 1990 obhájil habilitační práci na téma „Koroze energetických zařízení“ a stal se docentem v oboru „Chemické a energetické zpracování paliv“.

Ve výzkumné práci se zabýval sledováním tvorby oxidických vrstev v parních generátorech, hodnocením oxidických vrstev ve varných trubkách, chemickým čištěním energetických zařízení, korozí a inhibicí koroze, korozní problematikou chladících okruhů.

Jedlickova, V.; Panacek, F. Effect of humic substances on the corrosion rate of steel in cooling waters. (2000), CHEMagazin, 10(6), 10-11.

Corrosion rate of microalloyed low-C steel was evaluated at 45° in the cooling waters contg. high-mol. wt. natural humic substance at 0-40 mL/L. The corrosion rate was typically decreased at 5 mL/L for the steel contg. C 0.05, Mn 0.24, Si <0.01, Ni 0.12, Cr 0.07, Cu 0.07, P 0.014, and S 0.013%.

Kubal, M.; Panacek, F. Potential-pH diagram for Fe-H2O-citric acid system. (1995), British Corrosion Journal,30(4), 309-11.

The thermodn. of the Fe-H₂O-citric acid system are summarized in the form of potential-pH diagrams calcd. from published std. Gibbs free energies of formation of the various species considered. The influence of citric acid on the behavior of iron is characterized by a decrease in the stability of Fe(OH)₂, Fe(OH)₃, and Fe₃O₄ but the stability region of Fe₃O₃ is substantially less affected.

Kubal, M.; Panacek, F. Passivation of carbon steel in complexing organic acids. (1993), Scientific Papers of the University of Chemical Technology Prague , 1, 153-9.

The action of citrate and complexonate as chem. passivators for carbon steel in neutral and basic solns. has been studied in relation to their concns., pH-value, and the presence of aggressive chloride ions. Above a certain pH value (pHcrit.), citrate and complexonate passivate the carbon steel surface, previously covered by a non-protecting, invisible oxide film and keep the passive state in aerated soln., even in the presence of chloride, with practically zero corrosion rate. After decreasing pH below the pHcrit corrosion potential abruptly falls to the region of active corrosion.

Kubal, M.; Panacek, F. Removal of chromium-containing compounds by contacting wastewaters with iron filings. (1994), Chemicky Prumysl, 44(2), 41-3, 64.

A method for removing chromium compds. from wastewater by contacting with iron filings has been investigated. At 100° Cr⁶⁺ pptd. in an easily sedimenting form. The rate of redn. increased with decreasing pH and with increasing proportion of the iron filings. Under suitable conditions Cr⁶⁺ can be removed within less than 30 min; the residual concn. of dissolved Cr³⁺ is 0.5 to 0.7 mg L^-1.

Panacek, F. Corrosion during operation and shutdown of steam condensate pipe systems. (1990), Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv, D58, 77-89.

The corrosion resistance and type of corrosion attack of metal and alloy specimens were investigated in a returned steam condensate from industrial and municipal plants. Steam supplied into the heat distribution network was optionally treated by alkalizing with NH₃. The corrosion rate of C steels CSN 11373 and CSN 12022 exceeded the acceptable values in all returned condensates and was 100-370 μm/yr. When pitting corrosion occurred, the max. penetration was to a depth of 900 μm/yr. The effect of alkalizing of steam with NH₃ on decreasing the corrosion rate was ambiguous because the condensate compn. varied considerably. The steels exhibited a high corrosion resistance in all the condensates. The corrosion rate of Zn was 50-150 μm/yr. The corrosion rate of Cu and brass CSN 423239 were 2, CaO, and MgO.

Panacek, F.; Bartonicek, A. R. Corrosiveness of cooling waters of power plants of metallurgical mills. II. (1988), Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv, D56, 239-50.

Testing of power plant cooling water for corrosiveness indicated that insignificant CaCO₃ settling occurs when the water is concd. by a factor of

Panacek, F.; Bartonicek, R. Corrosiveness of cooling waters in power plants of metallurgical mills. I. (1988), From Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , D56, 223-37.

In a power plant cooling system, the concn. of solids in the circulating water increases by a factor of 1.5-2.0 causing the Ryznar index to decrease to ≤6 indicating an almost equil. state. The corrosion test results show that, in spite of a favorable water compn., a strong steel corrosion occurs. The corrosion rate increases in summer when sand filters are down and makeup water is not treated. In this period scale formation occurs. Pit corrosion in 56 tests showed a rate of ≈1100 μm/yr under these conditions. A decrease in the uniform corrosion was obtained when PO₄^3- (from hexametaphosphate addn.) in the water reached 2 mg/L. Nonuniform corrosion control was achieved by lowering the concn. of unsol. matter in the water.

Varga, L.; Vosta, J.; Holinka, M.; Pelikan, J.; Smrz, M.; Panacek, F. Decreasing the corrosion aggressivity of cooling media in power system condensers. (1987) patent CS 234627 B1 19850416.

Panacek, F.; Bartonicek, R. Corrosion activity of biologically purified wastewaters. (1986), Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , D55, 161-74.

The corrosion of carbon steel by biol. purified wastewaters from various sources varied from 49 μm/yr (central Prague treatment plant) to 240 μm (in a paper plant). The corrosion effect of wastewaters depended on the type of their bacterial flora, the presence of acids (e.g. lignosulfonic acids from the paper mill), and scale-forming (i.e. corrosion-moderating) Ca, Mg, PO₄^3- ions.

Nemcova, J.; Bartonicek, R.; Sverepa, O.; Kulhavy, T.; Sladeckova, A.; Novotny, M.; Lohnisky, J.; Paulovic, M.; Panacek, F.; Vosta, J. Corrosion inhibitor with sequestrating effect for copper and its alloys. (1986) patent CS 233153 B1 19850214.

Nemcova, J.; Bartonicek, R.; Sverepa, O.; Kulhavy, T.; Sladeckova, A.; Novotny, M.; Lohnicky, J.; Paulovic, M.; Panacek, F.; Vosta, J. Corrosion inhibitors with sequestration and dispersing effect. (1986) patent CS 233152 B1 19850214.

Bartonicek, R.; Nemcova, J.; Vosta, J.; Paulovic, M.; Sebo, T.; Spacir, J.; Maly, K.; Kulhavy, T.; Panacek, F.; et al. Agent with corrosion-inhibiting, dispersing, and sequestering effects. (1986) patent CS 231112 B1 19841015.

The corrosion of steel heat exchangers by cooling water is prevented by an inhibitor consisting of C2-3 alkylene oxide copolymers (250-3000 mol. wt.), such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer 50-90, C2-8 alkanolamine phosphates, such as diethanolamine phosphate 5-30, and alk. polyphosphates, such as Na hexametaphosphate 0.5-20 wt.%. The inhibitor efficiency is increased by 0.5-10% C2-9 alkylphenol phosphate, such as nonylphenol phosphate, or C12-20 ethoxylated amine, such as ethoxylated hexadecylamine. The inhibitor concn. is 3-100 g/m³. Thus, 1000 m³ with water was treated with 1:1 ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer 25, triethanolamine phosphate 15, and Na hexametaphosphate 10 kg to decrease the corrosion of steel by 85 and the deposition of org. substances and Ca salts by 70%. Other components in various proportions were also used, such as Na tripolyphosphate, ethoxylated hexadecylamine, monoethanolamine or diethanolamine phosphate, and nonylphenol phosphate.

Nemcova, J.; Bartonicek, R.; Holinka, M.; Sverepa, O.; Mostecky, J.; Pelikan, J.; Vosta, J.; Panacek, F.; Eliasek, J.; et al. Corrosion inhibitor for brass with a biocidal effect. (1985) patent CS 222108 B1 19830429.

Kulhavy, T.; Brodsky, A.; Bartonicek, R.; Panacek, F.; Sladeckova, A.; Eliasek, J. Device and method for protecting water cooling systems. (1984)patent CS 216564 B1 19821126.

A method is described which prevents corrosion, incrustation, and biol. fouling in water systems in which the circulating water is replenished from natural sources of surface waters. It comprises periodical feeding of an antimicrobial agent, such as NaClO, passing through a magnetic field, filtration, addn. of Na Ca polyphosphate, and treatment with a dispersing agent, such as polyethylene polypropylene glycol [9003-11-6].

Nemcova, J.; Bartonicek, R.; Vosta, J.; Sverepa, O.; Panacek, F.; Svoboda, M.; Jizba, J.; Kulhavy, T.; Sladeckova, A.; et al. Agent with dispersion-sequestrative and corrosion-inhibitive effects. (1984) patent CS 227447 B1 19840416.

Bartonicek, R.; Panacek, F.; Pyrchala, B. Effect of adding biologically treated wastewater to the cooling cycle on corrosion and deposit formation. (1984), Vodni Hospodarstvi: B , 34(4), 101-5.

The use of biopurified wastewater instead of city water as make-up in the open air cooling towers somewhat increases the corrosion rates of steel, Al, Zn, Cu, or brass. The corrosion increase is due to the increased elec. cond. of the make-up water which contains higher CO₃^2-and NO₃^- concns. and has lower pH (by ≈1 unit) than city water. The deposition of scale from cooling water contg. biopurified water is lower than the deposition from cooling water contg. only city water.

Bartonicek, R.; Panacek, F.; Pyrchala, B. Corrosion in a cooling circuit supplied with treated industrial wastewater. (1984), Chemicky Prumysl , 34(7), 348-52.

Corrosion of metal parts in an industrial cooling circuit replenished by biol. purified water was investigated. CSN 11331 [73695-05-3] steel parts and samples of CSN 11373 [37312-61-1] and CSN 17041 [53997-13-0] steels, 99.5 Al, 99.5 Zn, 99.6% Cu, and Cu70Zn29Al [60746-82-9] brass immersed in the system were exposed to water for ≤21 days. The corrosion rate and amt. of corrosion deposits were detd. The biol. purified water had an acceptable corrosion behavior in spite of its high salt content. The corrosion rate was 3in the water was considerably lower, COD did not change, but BOD was decreased by a factor of 4 compared to that of a conventional cooling circuit.

Bartonicek, R.; Sverepa, O.; Panacek, F. Corrosion of alloys and zinc-coated and uncoated steels in cooling waters. (1983), Vodni Hospodarstvi: B , (2), 39-43.

Cooling waters contg. Ca²⁺ corrode carbon steels at ≤3500 μm/yr. The Zn coatings and phosphate-based inhibitors reduce the corrosion and scale deposition. Thus cooling water contg. 2.28 mmol/L Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺ (pH 7.78) gave a 200 μm/yr corrosion rate for carbon steel, but only 20 μm/yr for the Zn-coated carbon steel. An AlMn alloy had no corrosion under the same test conditions.

Kocica, J.; Panacek, F. Effect of cooling water composition on the corrosion rate of steel. (1982), Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , D45, 27-49.

The effect of cooling water compn. on the corrosion rate of steel was studied in a circulation app. at 1.0-1.5 m/s flow rates and 30°C during 96 h. The corrosion rate was detd. from the wt. losses of the samples. Decreases in Ca²⁺ and HCO₃^- concns. increased the corrosion rate of steel. Addn. of Ca²⁺ to the cooling water did not influence the corrosion rate. Addn. of Cl^-, SO₄^2-, and NO₃^- did not influence the corrosion rate of steel in cooling water, either.

Panacek, F.; Kocica, J.; Eliasek, J. The use of phosphonates for the treatment of cooling waters. (1980), Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , D 41, 5-15.

Corrosion inhibiting action of several com. compds. contg. phosphonic acid used for treatment of water in open circulating cooling systems was evaluated from the wt. loss of a rotating disk and wt. loss of steel specimens in flowing water at 23°. The latter had a hardness of 3.2-3.5 mequiv/L and alky. 2.1-2.5 mequiv/L. The concn. of the inhibitors Ferrofos 509, Ferrofos 510, Nalco 4000, and Nalfloc 345 was 10-1000 mg/L. Effect of Zn²⁺ was examd. The highest corrosion inhibitor of ≤98.9% was obtained for combinations of 50 Ferrofos 509 or Ferofos 510 and 3 mg ZnSO₄/L.

Mostecky, J.; Vosta, J.; Singer, P.; Panacek, F. Salt additives for spreading on roadways. (1979) patent CS 177216 B1 19770729.

The combination of inorg. and org. corrosion inhibitors had a synergistic effect against corrosion produced by Cl^-. Thus, a mixt. of NaCl 85, MgCl 5, Na silicate 7, and aq. emulsion of octadecylamine [124-30-1] 3 parts had a good deicing effect on roads and the silicate component affected the road surface favorably.

Pelikan, J.; Vosta, J.; Panacek, F.; Eliasek, J.; Mostecky, J. Corrosion inhibitor. (1978) patent CS 174913 B1 19770429.

Eliasek, J.; Panacek, F.; Kocica, J. Effect of flow on corrosion rate of steel in inhibited sulfuric acid. (1977), Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , D 35, 5-21.

The rate of corrosion depends on the compn. of the material, its surface characteristics, temp., heat transfer and flow rate of the corrosive medium. The flow effects esp. the processes in the region of the electrodes. Through the flow, the reaction products are removed and inhibitors are shifted to the metal-liq. interface.

Eliasek, J.; Kocica, J.; Panacek, F.; Vcelak, L. Effect of flow in neutral environment on steel corrosion and its inhibition. (1977), Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , D 35, 23-33.

The effect of flow on the corrosion rate of steel was studied in neutral 0.1 and 1% NaCl satd. with air at 25°. In these solns. the most significant effect on the corrosion rate is the concn. of O. O functions as a cathode depolarizer on the metal surface. The corrosion rate of steel was dependent on the Re0.5 value. Inhibitors for neutral solns. are K₂CrO₄ and Na₃PO₄. Addn. of K₂CrO₄ (≥10-4M) is 95% effective. Na₃PO₄ on the other hand is less effective and in concn.

Eliasek, J.; Kocica, J.; Panacek, F.; Pelikan, J.; Vcelak, L. Evaluating oxide layers in boiler tubes of steam generators. (1974), Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica , 2(3), 249-59.

Exptl. results show a consolidation of the protective coating with increasing temp., heat loading, steam dryness, and time of exposure. Disturbances in water circulation have a neg. effect on oxide-coating formation by leading to an increased thickness and porosity as well as to a lowering of the corrosion resistance. The presence of primary corrosion products in the water phase result (in the absence of added corrosion products) in the formation of thick, porous coatings on the surface of the metal. A comparison between equil. corrosion current, layer thickness, and corrosion resistance values show the first to be most useful as a measure of porosity of the protective layer. X-ray studies of the oxide layers show the protective layer to be composed preferentially of magnetite. Under industrial working conditions a thick, amorphous, Cu contg. coating is found, whose pores are nonhomogeneous and whose evaluation is more complex, magnetite being the preponderant constituent. It is difficult to bring equil. corrosion current values into agreement with apparent thickness and corrosion resistance under these conditions.

Vosta, J.; Talasek, V.; Mostecky, J.; Eliasek, J.; Panacek, F.; Singer, P. Mixed corrosion inhibitor. (1973) patent CS 151601 B1 19731119.

Mostecky, J.; Nemcova, J.; Vosta, J.; Singer, P.; Panacek, F.; Sverepa, F. Additive ice-thawing mixtures for roads. (1973) patent CS 148729 B1 19730524.

Mostecky, J.; Vosta, J.; Panacek, F.; Singer, P.; Nemcova, J.; Voldrich, K. Additive for ice-thawing mixtures for roads. (1973) patent CS 148730 B1 19730524.

Mostecky, J.; Vosta, J.; Singer, P.; Panacek, F. Mixed inhibitor of chloride corrosion. (1973) patent CS 147354 19730215.

Combinations of Na silicate or Na phosphate with octadecylamine, Me4NCl, urea, or urotropine show a synergistic effect in refrigerator brine solns. and ice-creep thawing mixts. The inorg. component produces (on metal surfaces) an insol. film with a high ohmic resistance and the org. component markedly enhances (by its chemisorption effect) the corrosion inhibiting activity of the inorg. component.

Mostecky, J.; Vosta, J.; Panacek, F.; Singer, P.; Nemcova, J.; Voldrich, K. Mixed inhibitor of chloride corrosion. (1973) patent CS 147451 19730215.

Mostecky, J.; Nemcova, J.; Vosta, J.; Singer, P.; Panacek, F.; Sverepa, O. Mixed inhibitor of chloride corrosion. (1973) patent CS 147355 19730215.

Panacek, F.; Kocica, J.; Eliasek, J. Necessity of cleaning steam generators. (1972), Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , D25, 37-48.

The evaluation of tube samples taken periodically during shutdown of steam generators is used to indicate the possible need for chem. cleaning. The most significant values are the wts. and elec. resistance of the oxide layers. In elec. nonconductive deposits, a lower thermal cond. may be expected, the decrease in both the elec. and the thermal cond. being caused by the porosity of the oxide layers. Consequently, the elec. resistance of the oxide layer is a measure of the thermal cond. of the oxide layers. The elec. resistance of the oxide layers can be detd. more easily than the thermal cond. Other properties evaluated, such as corrosion resistance, chem. compn., and thickness serve as complementary values characterizing the state of the oxide layer and surface deposits.

Panacek, F.; Pelikan, J.; Petrova, M. Steel corrosion in inhibited organic acids. (1972), Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv, D25, 27-35.

Steel corrosion in 2% citric, uvic, and oxalic acids at flow rates of 0.2 m-sec-1 was studied in dependence on temp. and time. Urotropine, dibenzyl sulfoxide (DBSO), and Resistine N were used as inhibitors. The highest inhibitory effect for citric acid was found with Resistine N, its effect increasing with temp., at 90° being as high as 95%. The effect of DBSO was ∼10% lower. With urotropine a 95% inhibitory effect was found at 60°, while at lower and higher temps. its effect was considerably lower. Very good results of inhibition in uvic acid were obtained at 60 and 90° with DBSO. A higher inhibitory effect of Resistine N was found only at 90°. In oxalic acid the inhibitory effect of none of the inhibitors used proved to be satisfactory. The values of the inhibitory effect were mostly <40%.

Panacek, F.; Kocica, J.; Eliasek, J. Evaluation of an oxide layer on the boiler tubes of steam generators. (1970) Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , D 20, 35-48.

Measurements of the layer thickness, corrosion resistance, and equil. corrosion streams were carried out to evaluate the properties of the oxide layer on the inner walls of boiler tubes of steam generators. The apparent thickness of the layer was detd. The values obtained were compared with those obtained by measuring the magnetic layers formed in exptl. tubes under the defined conditions. The exptl. samples of the industrial tubes were obtained from 2 different locations and 2 different types of steam generators. The values obtained were characteristic, to a certain degree, for the oxide layer formed but were affected by the nonhomogeneous character of the layers, esp. by the presence of Cu and its compds. and by surface deposits.

Panacek, F.; Kocica, J.; Eliasek, J. Physicochemical processes in boiler tubes. II. (1969), Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , 18, 5-14.

The comparison of magnetite protective layers prepd. on the chem. cleaned surfaces of boiler tubes in processes using neutral, distd., and thermally de-aerated water in a flow app. in an autoclave and in an elec. furnace was studied. The protective layers were prepd. at temps. 210, 250, 275, and 300° during 24 hr. With increasing temp., the corrosion protection and the apparent d. increased. The protective layer was more porous under stabilized through flow conditions than under stationary conditions.

Panacek, F.; Kocica, J.; Eliasek, J. Physicochemical processes in stea, boiler tubes. I. (1967), Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , 15, 53-69.

The protective-layer formation on the inside wall of a pickled boiler tube was studied using neutral, thermally degasified, distd. H₂O. The formation was followed as a function of time, thermal load, and temp. of the inside wall of the boiler tube. Expts. showed that time consumed by protective-layer formation after boiler pickling becomes shorter with increasing temp. At 220° it varied ≈24 hrs.

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prof. Ing. Jaroslav ELIÁŠEK, DrSc.(*1924 - †1995)

1966 - 1986 vedoucí Katedry tepelné techniky

1964 – 1969 proděkan FTPV

1969 – 1973 děkan FTPV

Narozen v roce 1924 v Českém Krumlově.

Absolvoval vyšší průmyslovou školu chemickou v Praze a Fakultu chemicko-technologického inženýrství ČVUT v Praze. Poté působil několik let v průmyslu a po obhájení kandidátské disertační práce se stal odborným asistentem na Katedře tepelné techniky a od roku 1966 se stal jejím vedoucím. Po obhájení habilitační práce v roce 1962 byl jmenován docentem pro obor „Tepelná technika“. V roce 1978 obdržel titul doktora věd na základě obhájení doktorské disertační práce na téma „Kinetika výměny iontů“. V roce 1979 byl ustanoven profesorem pro obor „Tepelná technika“.

V roce 1982 mu byla udělena medaile prof. Ferdinanda Schulze.

Matějka, Z., Eliasek, J. Separating heavy metals from complex-forming substances such as aminocarboxylic acids or their salts in aqueous solutions (1985) patent DE 3517400 A1 19851205.

Nemcova, J., Bartonicek, R., Holinka, M., Sverepa, O., Mostecky., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J. Panacek, F., Eliasek, J.; et al. Corrosion inhibitor for brass with a biocidal effect (1985), patent CS 222108 B1 19830429.

Kulhavy, T., Brodsky, A., Bartonicek, R., Panacek, F., Sladeckova, A., Eliasek, J. Device and method for protecting water cooling systems (1984), patent CS 216564 B1 19821126.

Matejka, Z., Eliasek, J. The use of bead cellulose anion exchangers for ultra-pure water production (1984) Ion Exch. Technol. , 153-9.

Bischof, V.; Eliasek, J. Genesis of the protective layers upon the mild steel surface in the neutral natural waters (1984) Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica 12(5), 531-7.

The formation of a protective layer on mild steel in neutral water (with and without Cl^-) is controlled by the concn. of Ca²⁺ and HCO₃^- ions, which form layer components of CaCO₃ and FeCO₃. Nonstoichiometric hydrated magnetite is formed at 1st, but is gradually oxidized and changes to FeOOH.H₂O. Natural water components increase the oxidn. rate, yield crystn. nuclei, and affect the structure of compds. formed during corrosion reactions. The formation of scale in cooling systems is discussed.

Nemcova, J., Holinka, M., Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Eliasek, J., Smrz, M., Lohnisky, J., Novotny, M., Mencl, F., Corrosion inhibitor for aqueous heat exchange media in bras (1983), patent CS 211962 B1 19820226.

The corrosion inhibitor contains aliph. amines, arom. azoles, surfactant, polymer, and quinoline or derivs. Thus, 1000 m3 of cooling water was treated with octadecylamine [124-30-1] 0.9, diethanolamine [111-42-2] 0.5, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole [149-30-4], 0.2, 1,2,3-benzotriazole [95-14-7] 0.2, coconut acid diethanolamide 0.05, polyacrylamide [9003-05-8] 0.05, and quinoline [91-22-5] 0.1 kg. The treatment had a 97% corrosion-inhibiting effect and did not remove Zn from the brass surface.

Ocenasek, M., Stonawski, J., Eliasek, J. Use of cation exchangers for treatment of wastes from nuclear power stations. 1. Effect of citric and oxalic acids on the sorption of some cations Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1982), D45, 153-76.

The use of strong acid cation exchangers for concn. of radioactive nuclides from chem. decontamination of the primary cycle of the nuclear power station was examd. Ni(II), Co(II), Fe(III), and Cr(III) either were sepd. or in the mixt. were sorbed from their 0.0025-0.005M solns. in H₂O, in 0.05M citric acid, or in 0.04M oxalic acid by gel-type Lewatit S 100 or macroreticular Wofatit KS 10 in H⁺ forms. In the presence of the org. acids the sorption of Ni(II) and Co(II) was unchanged but Fe(III) and Cr(III) were sorbed incompletely. The metals could be eluted with HCl or with large excess of HNO₃.

Herrera, T., Matejka, Z. Eliasek, J. Cation exchange kinetics on carboxylic acid resins in a multicomponent system ‾H-M⁺-M²⁺ Desalination (1983), 48(2), 161-9.

Matejka, Z., Pechova, M., Eliasek, J. Effect of a quaternary surfactant upon the kinetics of proton-magnesium(2+) ion exchange on sulfonic acid cation exchangers Reactive Polymers, Ion Exchangers, Sorbents (1983), 1(3), 207-13.

The dynamic and static effect of a quaternary surfactant on the rate of H⁺-Mg²⁺ exchange on sulfonic acid cation exchange resins of various porosity (gelular and macroporous) in the ranges of film diffusion control and particle diffusion control has been investigated.

Matejka, Z.; Eliasek, J. Liquid-side diffusion-controlled cation-exchange kinetics. Comparison between macroporous and gelular resins Desalination (1982), 42(3), 315-20.

Panacek, F., Kocica, J., Eliasek, J. The use of phosphonates for the treatment of cooling waters Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1980), D 41, 5-15.

Vosta, J. Pelikan, J. Eliasek, J. Corrosion inhibition Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1980), D 41, 83-103.

A review with 119 refs. on the mechanism of corrosion and classification of corrosion inhibitors is given.

The mechanism of regeneration of a weakly basic acrylic anion exchangers, such as Wofatit Y 17 [70088-55-0] by Na2CO3 is presented and discussed.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Panacek, F., Eliasek, J., Mostecky, J. Corrosion inhibitor (1978), patent CS 174913 B1 19770429.

Eliasek, J. Matejka, Z. Tejchman, P. Reaction kinetics of weakly basic anion exchange resins Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1977), D 35, 43-59.

Eliasek, J., Panacek, F., Kocica, J. Effect of flow on corrosion rate of steel in inhibited sulfuric acid Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1977), D 35, 5-21.

Eliasek, J., Kocica, J.Panacek, F., Vcelak, L. Effect of flow in neutral environment on steel corrosion and its inhibition Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1977), D 35, 23-33.

Vosta, J., Eliasek, J., Knizek, P. A quantum-chemical study of the corrosion inhibition of iron by means of aniline derivatives in hydrochloric acid Corrosion (Houston, TX, United States) (1976), 32(5), 183-7.

To det. the mechanism of corrosion inhibition by org. materials, the electron structure of a set of org. compds. is studied and correlated with their electrochem. corrosion measurements. The inhibition of corrosion of Fe in 5% HCl by p-substituted anilines with respect to quantum chem. is discussed. Fe²⁺ ions originating from the dissoln. of Fe form complex Fe(Cl)₆^4- ions on the metal surface at anodic centers. The protonized aniline mols. are then electrostatically bonded to these complex ions. Thus, a potential barrier is formed which prevents the corrosive medium from reacting with the metal surface.

Eliasek, J., Kocica, Jo., Panacek, F., Pelikan, J., Vcelak, L. Evaluating oxide layers in boiler tubes of steam generators Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica (1974), 2(3), 249-59.

Eliasek, J., Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Mostecky, J. Agent for protection of hot water lines (1974), patent CS 153733 B1 19740329.

Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Mostecky, J., Eliasek, J., Panacek, F., Singer, P. Mixed corrosion inhibitor (1973), patent CS 151601 B1 19731119.

Sejnoha, R., Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Eliasek, J., Vcelak, L. Cleaning of sewage drains (1973), patent CS 149103 B1 19730524.

Eliasek, J., Mostecky, J., Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Singer, P., Voldrich, K. Corrosion inhibitor and passivator for metals (1973) patent CS 149254 B1 19730524.

Mostecky, J., Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Eliasek, J., Matejka, Z. Selective recovery of nonferrous metals from industrial waste waters (1972), patent CS 145167 19720915.

Vosta, J., Eliasek, J., Mostecky, J. Inhibitors of metal corrosion in acid solutions (1972), CS 144135 19720101.

Vosta, J.; Eliasek, J. Study of corrosion inhibition from the quantum chemistry aspect, Edited by Hamner, Norman E., Proc. Int. Congr. Metal. Corros., 4th (1972), 598-601.

Talasek, V.; Eliasek, J. Kinetics of ion exchange. IX. Reactions taking place between the undissociated forms of exchange groups of chelating exchangers Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications (1972), 37(8), 2521-7.

The rates of exchange between the Ca-forms of the cation exchangers Dowex A-1 and Duolite ES-63 and the counterions Mn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ were measured. The exchange kinetics is controlled by the diffusion through particles of the exchanger. The rate of exchange decreases with decreasing concn. of the outer soln. owing to the reduced electrolyte invasion into the exchanger phase. With the Dowex A-1, a chelate is formed between the metal cation and the exchange group of the exchanger and the differences of the diffusion rates on reversing the direction of the exchange are detd. by the ratio of the stability consts. of the chelates of both counterions. With the Duolite ES-63, an inversion of the ion exchange takes place in the Ca-Mn system which depends on the acidity of the exchange groups.

Talasek, V., Eliasek, J. Diffusion of differently substituted organic bases on cation exchangers of different structures Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1972), D25, 17-25.

Equil. and kinetic measurements of gel diffusion were carried out on Lewatit S 100 with gel and macroporous structure with different cross-linkages in the triethanolammonium (TEA+) and (or) anilinium systems. In TEA+, a selectivity inversion was obsd., accompanied by the inversion of the exchange and the differential diffusion rates, which in both systems, with the exception of the macroporous low cross-linked ion exchanger, varied considerably with the change in compn. of the ion exchanging phase. With the aromatic base, considerable dependence of activation energy on the direction of exchange was found.

Panacek, F.; Kocica, J.; Eliasek, J. Necessity of cleaning steam generators Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1972), D25, 37-48.

Vosta, J.; Eliasek, J. Quantum chemical evaluation of nitron as a corrosion inhibitor Werkstoffe und Korrosion (1972), 23(6), 487-9.

Eliasek, J., Kocica, J., Urban, J. Stability of ferrous hydroxide in an aqueous medium Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1972), D25, 5-16.

Quant. comparison of the effects of various ions on the stability of Fe(OH)₂ in an O-free aq. medium at 25° proved that Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, and VO₃^- caused the decompn. of Fe(OH)₂ with the formation of magnetite and H. The effect of these ions decreased in the order Ni²⁺ > Co²⁺ > Mn²⁺ > VO₃^- > Cu²⁺. Consequently, the presence of these ions may favorably influence the formation of a protective magnetite layer on the steel walls of the condensation part of the water-boiling circuits and the low-temp. part of regenerative heating, decrease corrosion of this equipment, and diminish the possibility of formation of deposits giving rise to corrosion in the boiling system. Since SiO₂ inhibits Fe(OH)₂ decompn., its complete removal is a necessary requirement. The Fe(OH)₂ stability was unaffected by Zn²⁺, Sn²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, NH₄⁺, and Cr³⁺, and by WoO₄^2-, MoO₄^2-, SO₄^2-, Cl^-, and NO₃^-.

Matejka, Z., Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Mostecky, J.,Eliasek, J., Singer, P. Regeneration of mixed-bed ion exchangers (1971), patent CS 140562 19710315.

Ocenasek, M., Pelikan, J., Eliasek, J. Neutralization of acid waste waters from direct cooling of combustion products (1971), patent CS 139660 19710115.

H₂SO₃ and H₂SO₄ contained in flue gas wash water are removed, without salt formation, by the use of an anion exchange bed which is regenerated alternately by an alk. desulfurization soln. contg. NH₄OH, (NH₄)₂SO₄, (NH₄)₂SO₃, and (NH₄)₂CO₃. The effluent from resin regeneration is recycled to water used to absorb S oxides. Useful ion exchange resins are Dowex 3 and Wofatit L 150.

Vosta, J.,Talasek, V., Eliasek, J., Rysan, J. Use of spent sulfuric acid from titanium white production as a pickling agent in metallurgy Chemický Průmysl (1971), 21(10), 485-8.

Vosta, J.; Eliasek, J. Corrosion inhibition from the aspect of quantum chemistry Corrosion Science (1971), 11(4), 223-9.

Talasek, V.; Eliasek, J.; Smetak, V. Kinetics of the ion exchange. VII. Systems Cl-SO₄-OH on strong basic anion exchangers Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications (1971), 36(6), 2347-51.

The differential kinetic, transport, and equil. measurements were carried out in the systems Cl-SO₄-OH and Cl-SO₄ in the range of gel diffusion and of film diffusion on Dowex 1X8 and Lewatit MP-500. The following topics were investigated: the change of the rate of diffusion with the compn. of the exchanger phase and with the direction of the exchange, the effect of the selectivity changes and of the water transport on the exchange kinetics.

Panacek, F. Kocica, J. Eliasek, J. Evaluation of an oxide layer on the boiler tubes of steam generators Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1970), D 20, 35-48.

Vosta, J. Eliasek, J.,Janda, M. New corrosion inhibitors Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1970), D 20, 23-33.

Eliasek, J., Kocica, J., Chabica, Z. Solubility of iron oxide in etching solutions Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1970), D 20, 5-21.

The soly. of oxide and hydrated Fe oxide in etching solns. at 60° and the b.ps. of their solns. were detd. The oxide contg. Fe³⁺ ions dissolved more rapidly in HCl than in complexon III. The opposite was found for Fe²⁺ oxide. The dissoln. in H₂SO₄ was 30% slower than in HCl and the dissoln. rate in citric acid was very low. The addn. of 5 mM HF to 0.5M HCl increased rate of Fe₃O₄ dissoln. by a factor of 10 the addn. of 20 mM by a factor of 100. HF gave the same results when added to complexon III.

Talasek, V., Hala, S., Kuras, M., Eliasek, J. Coulometric determination of 1-aminoadamantane hydrochloride in dilute aqueous solutions Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1969), 16, 85-8.

1-Aminoadamantane hydrochloride was detd. in dil. aq. solns. by coulometry with Br in a buffered medium (pH 8). By application of a suitable generation flow of Br, it was possible to det. 0.5 μmole/l. with convenient accuracy.

Talasek, V., Eliasek, J. Kinetics of ion exchange. VII. Measurements in the film diffusion region Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications (1971), 36(1), 77-83.

From the oscillometrically measured exchange half-times the film diffusion data were calcd. of 17 cations and of 12 org. bases on Dowex 50WX16 with respect to the H⁺ ion, as well as data of 17 anions and of 7 org. acids on Dowex 1-X8 with respect to the OH^- ion, the total concn. of external soln. being 5 × 10-3N. Integral kinetic data may be interpreted by means of the Nernst-Planck equation or transport coeffs. in ternary systems. The kinetics in the film diffusion region is primarily dependent on the valency of the ion, its mobility, hydration, and steric arrangement. The selectivity changes during unidirectional integral diffusion are not so significant as in the both-way, particularly differential, kinetic measurements.

Panacek, F., Kocica, J., Eliasek, J. Physicochemical processes in boiler tubes. II Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1969), 18, 5-14.

Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Ocenasek, M., Eliasek, J., Volak, J. Use of piperidine as a volatile alkalization agent Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1969), 18, 15-28.

Jungvirt, A., Eliasek, J. Sulfur balance in waste gases of steam generators Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1969), 18, 49-57.

The S balances in stations using fuels of various calorific values and different S content were compared. Also, the effects of elemental, pyritic, and sulfate S in fuels, and effects of very fine grinding, the air excess, and the type of furnace on the degree of SO₂ conversion to H₂SO₄ were studied. Some anal. methods for detns. under production conditions are evaluated. The H₂SO₄ content in waste gases increased with the increasing amt. of sulfates in fuels.

Mostecky, J., Eliasek, J., Singer, P., Talasek, V., Vosta, J. Protective agent for steam ducts in power engineering plants (1969), patent CS 133224 19690715.

Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Matejka, Z., Eliasek, J., Mostecky, J., Singer, P. Treatment of condensate in power engineering installations (1969), patent CS 133232 19690715.

Vosta, ., Talasek, V., Eliasek, J. Inhibitor of atmospheric corrosion (1969), patent CS 133138 19690715.

Pelikan, J., Ocenasek, M., Eliasek, J. Apparatus for the determination of capacity of ion exchangers for the removal of dissolved oxygen from water (1969), patent CS 131203 19690215.

Water is satd. with O produced electrolytically with a known quantity of elec. current. Satd. water is passed through a column of ion exchanger and the decrease in the O content, removed by the ion exchanger, detd. by means of a thermally conductive cell which has the measuring filaments connected in a Whe atstone bridge. The app. excludes the influence of atm. O, does not require involved batching of O, and laborious anal. methods.

Talasek, V., Eliasek, J. Kinetics of ion exchange. IV. Anion exchange of organic acids on Dowex 1 Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications (1969), 34(9), 2538-44.

Diffusion data calcd. from oscillometric values shed light on the kinetics of the exchange of org. acids in the gel diffusion region on a strongly basic polymd. anion-exchange resin, Dowex 1, 20-50 mesh, which is doubly cross-linked in many ionic forms of the anion exchange resin. The formate, acetate, oxalate, malonate, lactate, tartrate, citrate, Na2EDTA, salicylate, and terephthalate anions were investigated. Dowex 1-X4 and 1-X8 were studied in the following forms: OH^-, F^-, Cl_-, Br^-, and SO₄^2-. The diffusion coeff. was calcd. from the relation Dr = (1/4)(R/π)2(1/t1/2), where R is the mean radius of the ion-exchange resin bead and t1/2 is the exchange half-time of the given ion, which was detd. graphically. The conditions of gel diffusion for the studied compds. are guaranteed, if the concn. of the external soln. is higher than 0.05M. Depending on the structure of the org. mol. the rates of diffusion are affected both by the kind as well as valency of the counterions which influence swelling of the anion-exchange resin, and by the degree of cross-linking of the resin. The rate of diffusion decreases with increasing size of the org. mol., and unlike inorg. anion-exchange resins, is independent of valency.

Mostecky, J., Eliasek, J., Talasek, V.,Vota, J., Singer, P. Emulsion mixture for protection of steam-water circuits of energy installations against corrosive attack and process for its application (1969),patent DE 1816905 19690731.

Eliasek, J., Talasek, V. Kinetics of ion exchange. III. Exchange of the type X-OH on Dowex 1 and on type II Amberlite IRA Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications (1968), 33(11), 3866-70.

The exchange kinetics of 16 inorg. anions on Dowex 1-X4, Dowex 1-X8, Amberlite IRA-400(I), IRA-402(I), and IRA-410(II) was measured oscillometrically and the half-times and diffusion coeffs. were computed. The exchange rate is inversely proportional to the degree of cross-linking of the exchanger. Of univalent anions, the halides exhibit the highest exchange rate. The rate of exchange decreases markedly with the valency of simple anions; with complex anions the effect is a reversed one: [Fe(CN)₆]^3-exchanges more slowly than does [Fe(CN)₆)^4-. The rate of exchange increases with the basicity of the exchanger. The effect of the porosity of the anion exchanger on the kinetics of the exchange is a slight one.

Talasek, V., Eliasek, J. Kinetics of ion exchange. II. Exchange of the B-H type in a series of organic bases on Dowex 50W Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications (1968), 33(11), 3618-24.

The kinetics was measured of the uni-univalent exchange process of a series of 14 org. bases in aq. solns. on strong acid cation exchanger Dowex 50W in the H form under conditions of the gel kinetics. The effects were studied of the degree of crosslinking and of the size of the exchanger particles, and of the steric properties of bases on the rate of exchange. The exchange kinetics of org. bases depends primarily on the steric nature of the substituent and on the degree of cross-linking of the exchanger. The exchange rate of condensed, conjugated mols. is lower than that of the quaternary bases of greater dimensions with the same no. of aromatic substituents, esp. at lower degrees of cross-linking and smaller particle sizes of the exchanger. The exchange rates of org. bases in aq. solns. are slower than those of metallic ions.

Talasek, V., Eliasek, J. Coulometric bromination of extremely diluted aqueous solutions of some primary and secondary amines, amino alcohols, and diamines Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1967), 15, 5-14.

Coulometric titrn. was applied to the detn. of up to 5% of an individual primary and secondary aliphatic and naphthenic amines, diamines, amino alcs., and C1-18 arylalkylamines in aq. soln. The detn. is based on substitution of H in the primary or secondary amine group with Br continuously evolved from a soln. of Br^-. The test soln. was adjusted to pH 8 with a buffer. The presence of free Br in the soln. can be considered only at pH ≤6. The bromination of tertiary amines is impossible as they do not contain the H necessary for the substitution. This method does not distinguish between individual amines of the same group, or between primary and secondary amines. The coulometric titrn. curves had sufficient slope at a generating current of approx. 2 ma. and a polarization voltage of 300 mv. In the case of equimolar concns., the titrn. times in the series diamines, primary amines, amino alcs., secondary amines were in the ratio 4:2:1. The max. error did not exceed 0.5%. NH₃, aromatic amines, and aromatic compds. interfere. If NH₃ was present in a sample contg. a primary aliphatic amine, the sum of both components was detd. coulometrically. NH₃ was detd. spectrophotometrically in a sep. sample, and the amine was detd. by difference. Tertiary amines and PhNO₂ do not interfere.

Eliasek, J., Talasek, V. Kinetics of the ion exchange. I. Exchange of the type M-H on Dowex 50W Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications (1968), 33(5), 1501-7.

The cond. changes of solns. of the metallic salts owing to the release of the H+ ions from the ion exchanger were measured oscillometrically. From the results, the diffusion coeffs. of intraparticle diffusion of 23 cations of various valency were calcd. The effects of the particle size and of the degree of cross-linking on the exchange rate was investigated. With the Dowex 50W of 100/200 mesh, the diffusion coeffs. change very little both with the degree of cross-linking of the ion exchanger and with the valency of the cation. On the other hand, with the Dowex 50W of 20/50 mesh, these changes are significant. With the Dowex 50W-X16, the diffusion coeffs. decrease by about one order of magnitude, if the valency of the cation increases by one unit. With the Dowex 50W-X8, the diffusion coeffs. of univalent, divalent, and trivalent cations are of the same order of magnitude. Oscillometry is applicable, esp. in cases of very rapid ion exchange. The method is simple and eliminates the troubles with the anal. detn. of some ions.

Panacek, F., Kocica, J., Eliasek, J. Physicochemical processes in stea, boiler tubes. I Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1967), 15, 53-69.

Talasek, V., Vosta, J., Eliasek, J. Coulometric determination of ion concentrations of piperidine in aqueou solution in the presence of ammonia Fresenius' Zeitschrift fuer Analytische Chemie (1967), 230(1), 29-33.

Eliasek, J.,Jungwirt, A. Break-point chlorination of some phenols Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, F: Technologie Vody (1966), No. 10, 49-56.

The chlorination of phenol follows a substitution mechanism to the formation of trichlorophenol. The Cl in the para position is hydrolyzed off and chloroquinone formed by simultaneous oxidn. with HOCl. Further chlorination of chloroquinone proceeds again through the substitution of the H with Cl. Light causes the transformation of chloroquinones into hydroxychloroquinones which are not stable at pH >7 and are polymd. to compds. of the humic acid type. The reaction mechanism for o-cresol is analogous. Pyrocatechol also yields humic acid type substances but undergoes simultaneous decompn., owing to the ease of oxidn.

Prochazka, J., Sich, J., Eliasek, J. Influence on the conductivity values during mixed-bed tests Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1966), 10, 45-52.

The effects of penetrating inorg. cations, the size of the tested mixed-bed, and the properties of the ion exchangers on the elec. cond. of treated water were studied. Differences in the elec. cond. for various types of ion-exchange resins were caused by the sp. differences in porosity. The anomalies of the elec. cond. were caused mainly by the pos. charged ion-exchange resin, the function of which was influenced by the sorption of org. compds. on a strongly basic ion-exchange resin.

Vosta, J., Talasek, V., Ocenasek, M., Eliasek, J., Dluhos, J. Piperidine, a new volatile alkalizing agent Mitteilungen der Vereinigung der Grosskesselbesitzer (1967), No. 106, 39-41.

Eliasek, J.,Talasek, V. Use and analysis of volatile alkalizing agents Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1966), 10, 13-26.

Cyclohexylamine, morpholine, N₂H₄, NH₃, and octadecylamine were tested as alkalizing agents for circulating water in elec. works. The sepg. coeff. and basicity were used as criterion. A pH of 9 was used. NH₃ and cyclohexylamine were found to be most suitable. The only disadvantage of NH₃ was corrosion of the Cu app. The use of cyclohexylamine and morpholine was limited by the temp. of the thermal dissocn. at which NH₃ was prepd. The results showed that in the alk. circulating water, with the exception of alkalizing with NH₃, two components were always present: NH₃ and the undissocd. volatile alkalizing agent. Coulometric titrn. with Br was used for the analysis. NH₃, cyclohexylamine, and morpholine were analyzed in buffered solns. at pH 8. In the case of 2 components, the use of coulometry was convenient only for detn. of NH₃ in the presence of hydrazine, because hydrazine is detd. in an acidic medium. In other cases only the sum of NH₃ with the other component was detd. Combination with the photometric method was convenient. For the detn. of the mixt. NH3-morpholine, morpholine was detd. photometrically with CS₂, which yielded a yellow-colored Cu complex of the morpholinecarbodithioic acid. For the detn. of the mixt. NH₃-cyclohexylamine, NH₃ was detd. as indophenol, which in the alk. medium dissoc. to give a blue color.

Eliasek, J.; Talasek, V.; Kucera, Z. Determination of volatile alkalization agents Mitteilungen der Vereinigung der Grosskesselbesitzer (1965), No. 96, 174-6.

Morpholine, cyclohexylamine, and NH₃ in the water-steam cycle in power plants are detd. by coulometric titration with Br at pH 8 with a generation current of about 2 ma. and a polarization potential of 300 mv. more Fe²⁺ does not interfere. To det. hydrazine, use a soln. in 0.3N HCl. Hydrazine can thus be detd. in the presence of NH₃, for NH₃ does not react in this acid medium. To det. NH₃ in the presence of morpholine, titrate both coulometrically at pH 8. Det. morpholine alone by conversion to the dithiocarbamate with CS₂, extn. of the yellow Cu complex with CHCl₃, and photometric measurement. To det. NH₃ (0.2-2 mg./1.) in the presence of cyclohexylamine (≤2 mg./l.), titrate both coulometrically at pH 8. Det. NH₃ photometrically as indophenol at 610-40 mμ following the method of Bolleter (B., et al., CA 55, 12151b). Keep the pH at 9.9-10 with a borate buffer, and keep time and temp. const. before alkalization.

Eliasek, J., Brodsky, A., Cech, J., Richterova, V. Determination of chemical oxygen demand [C.O.D.] by permanganate methods Sb. Vysoke Skoly Chem.-Technol., Praze, Oddil. Fak. Technol. Paliv Vody (1960), 4(1), 179-98.

Several methods were compared for detg. C.O.D. with KMnO₄. The techniques studied included the method of Kubel, the ASTM method, the German DEV and Schulze methods, and the Russian standard method as described by Meissner. The C.O.D. detns. were made on river water samples dild. to a C.O.D. of 1-5 mg./1, and on lab.-prepd. solns. of sucrose, phenol, o-cresol, pyrocatechol, alkali lignin, and humic acid. The effects of the time of heating, concn. of H₂SO₄, excess permanganate, and diln. of the sample on the values obtained were evaluated. The results of a large no. of detns. were analyzed statistically. The accuracy of all methods can be considered as equivalent. Oxidn. in an alk. medium (the Schulze method) has the advantage of eliminating the error caused by the presence of chloride ions. However, if the sample has a high content of ammonium salts, detns. should be clone in an acidic medium. An excess of H₂SO₄ causes an increase of the values obtained in blank detns. Within the usual range of concn., the effects of permanganate excess and sample diln. compensate each other. Recently, the permanganate method is being replaced by other oxidn. methods in several countries on the grounds that certain org. compds. are not detected by permanganate oxidn. However, the simplicity of the permanganate method, its good reproducibility, and relatively high accuracy make it a valuable anal. tool, particularly for the control of industrial wastes, where the important aspect is a comparison of the relative C.O.D. values of samples of the same type. 16 references.

Eliasek, J.; Jungwirt, A. The mechanism of phenol chlorination in aqueous solutions Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications (1963), 28, 2163-70.

In acidic aq. soln. at pH 2-3, chloroquinones are formed by chlorination of phenol and o-cresol. The no. of substituted H atoms increases with increasing concn. of Cl. At pH 7.5 at the Cl concn. corresponding to the break point or greater, disintegration of phenol, o-cresol, and pyrocatechol, and in the same time photo-disproportionation of chloroquinones (I) to hydroxychloroquinones (II) takes place; II polymerize readily to humin-like substances. The disintegration is greatest with pyrocatechol, reaching 60%. I and II are detd. polarographically and by paper chromatography. Tables of E1/2 and Rf values are given.

Landa, S., Eliasek, J. Biological degradation of bivalent phenols Sb. Vysoke Skoly Chem.-Technol. Praze, Oddil Fak. Technol. Paliv Vody (1959, 3(No. 1), 35-53.

The biochem. production of muconic acid (I) is one of the ways of utilizing catechol (II) contained in phenolic wastes from low-temp. carbonization. Expts. were made to achieve the highest possible rate of degradation and highest possible yields of I. The effect of toxic substances, especially SCN^-, S^--, and CN^-, on the course of degradation using a standard medium inoculated with a mold of the genus Oospora were tested. The compn. of the standard medium was: 1800 mg. KH₂PO₄, 100 mg. (NH₄)₂SO₄, 250 mg. MgSO₄.7H2O, and 2000 mg. II in 1 l. of H₂O. pH of this soln. was 5.6-5.8. NH₄SCN and KSCN accelerated the degradation process depending on the NH₄⁺ and K⁺ present, even at considerably high concns. The SCN^- content did not change during the degradation. The amt. of I formed was substantially smaller at a higher NH₄⁺ content, whereas in the presence of a larger amt. of K⁺ salts it did not change. S^-- decreased the rate of degradation and the yields of I at a concn. higher than 125 mg. S^--/l. KCN at a concn. above 40 mg./l. strongly decreased the rate of degradation as well as the yields of I. The stimulative effect of small amts. of MnCl₂, NiSO₄, Co(NO₃)₂, and K₃Fe(CN)₆ was not observed. Expts. were made in which ground magnesite was added to the soln. in the amt. of 500 mg./l. to maintain pH of the soln. at an optimum level. During the degradation the pH of the soln. did not fall below 4.0. The degradation was more rapid and the yield of I substantially higher (280 mg./l.). I did not occur in the degradation of resorcinol.

Karas, F.; Eliasek, J.; Palaty, V. Rapid method for the determination of sulfates Voda (1958), 37, 316-17.

A modification of the use of thoron [1-(o-arsonophenylazo)-2-naphthol-3:6-disulphonic acid] as metallochromic indicator (Fritz and Yamamura, CA 49, 15631d) is described. Procedure: Pass the sample contg. dissolved sulfate through a cation-exchange column (Wofatit KPS-200), discard the 1st 10 ml. of the eluate, and to another 10-25 ml. add HClO₄ or NaOH until the pH is 3-5 and iso-PrOH in excess; add indicator soln. (0.2% aq. soln.) (2-4 drops) and titrate the yellow soln. with 0.01 to 0.05N Ba(ClO₄)₂ (in 80% iso-PrOH) until pink. The method yields good results for the detn. of sulfates in H2O, fuels, or coal (after combustion and oxidn.) and in biol. materials.

Landa, S.,Eliasek, J. Biological degradation of phenols. III. Intermediates in the biological oxidation of catechol with O.ovrddot.ospora Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications (1957), 22, 1029-35.

Landa, S., Eliasek, J. Biological degradation of phenols. III. Intermediates in the biological oxidation of catechol with O.ovrddot.ospora Chemické Listy pro Vědu a Průmysl (1956), 50, 1834-9.

C.A. 48, 4043g. The course of biol. degradation of catechol (1) with O.ovrddot.ospora is controlled by initial concn. of I and by pH whose optimum is 4-6. Concn. of the intermediate cis-cis-muconic acid (II), reaches its max. just before complete consumption of I. Further contact with the medium transforms II to CO₂HCH₂CHCH:CHCOO (III), OCOCH₂CHCHCH₂COO (IV), and CO₂HCH₂CH₂COCH₂CO₂H (V). Paper chromatography revealed the presence of (CO₂H)₂, CH₂(CO₂H)₂, (CO₂HCH₂)₂, CO₂HCH₂CH(OH)CO₂H, CO₂HCH(OH)CH(OH)CO₂H, citric acid, III and V. IV was formed during isolation process. Degradation of 877 g. I gave at 40°, pH 5-6, concn. 3 g. I/l. 23 g. II, m. 189-90°, 2.4 g. IV, m. 128-9°, and 1.2 g. III, m. 110-11°.

Maly, A., Eliasek, J. Identification of organic acids by distribution chromatography on paper Průmysl Potravin (1955), 6, 138-40.

The less volatile org. acids were detd. by means of the ascending, descending, and circular method in various systems of solvents. The distn. products of wood contained the following acids: oxalic (I), tartaric (II), malic (III), succinic (IV), glutaric, and a considerable amt. of pyruvic. Products of biol. decompn. of catechol contained besides I-IV, citric, malonic, and β-oxoadipic acids, and γ-carboxymethyl-Δα-butenolide.

Eliasek, J. Estimation of phenols Paliva (1954), 34, 45-51.

Methods were evaluated for the estn. of phenols in phenolic waters or tar carbonization, namely: bromometric, iodometric, and colorimetric. 156 references.

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Ocenasek, M.; Peca, M. Regeneration of cation-exchange resins with sulfuric acid. (1990) Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , D58, 209-16.

Regeneration of Wofatit KPS-DS cation-exchange filters for softening of feed water in elec. power plants was investigated. The resin was regenerated by using 1% H₂SO₄ and 2% H₂SO₄. The optimum charge for regeneration was 100 g/L (as 100% H₂SO₄). The water quality was satisfactory. Penetration of Na⁺ was ≤2 μg/L water, and the filters were regenerated when Na⁺ penetration reached 100 μg/L.

Ocenasek, M.; Stonawski, J.; Eliasek, J. Use of cation exchangers for treatment of wastes from nuclear power stations. 1. Effect of citric and oxalic acids on the sorption of some cations. (1982) Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv, D45, 153-76.

Mostecky, J.; Kubelka, V.; Ocenasek, M. Deodorization and treatment of wastewater in water conservation, especially in large cattle fattening stations (1981) patent CS 190083 B1 19790531.

The title waste is passed consecutively through a column charged with strongly basic anion exchanger and a column contg. coke and then treated biol. The ion exchanger is regenerated with a 4% aq. NaOH soln. or 1.5% lime water. The spent coke charge is burned.

Ocenasek, M.; Matejka, Z.; Kriz, V. Sorption of mercury from aqueous solutions on polar sorbents. (1980) Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , D 41, 43-64.

Removal of Hg from wastewater was most effective with Lewatit OC 1014 (I) [58449-44-8], a Hg selective cation exchange resin, but in Cl^--contg. waters a strongly basic anion resin, Ostion ATP 3011 (II) [78810-26-1], in which the Me₃NH⁺ was replaced with thiol groups was also effective, whereas a chelating cationic resin, Lewatit TP 207 [57285-14-0] was least effective. I was best regenerated with Na₂S and II with concd. HCl. Sorption was not by exchange of counterions but by a chem. reaction between the resin functional group and Hg ions.

Benes, M. J.; Stamberg, J.; Ocenasek, M.; Matejka, Z. Mercury sorbents with thiol and quaternary ammonium groups. (1980) Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie , 91, 109-15.

Macroporous bifunctional Hg adsorbents contg. both quaternary ammonium and thiol groups were prepd. by treating poly[(vinylbenzyl)triethylammonium chloride] with KSCSOEt followed by treatment with NH₄OH. Both active groups complemented one another raising selectivity at high dilns. and capacity in the presence of excessive alkali chlorides and regenerability in repeated cycles.

Benes, M.; Stamberg, J.; Ocenasek, M.; Matejka, Z. Mercury sorbents with thiol and quaternary ammonium groups. (1979) Prepr. Short Contrib. - Bratislava IUPAC Int. Conf. Modif. Polym., 5th , 1, 12-17.

Talasek, V.; Vosta, J.; Eliasek, J.; Mostecky, J.; Ocenasek, M.; Matejka, Z. Treatment of surface waters and power engineering condensates containing organic cations (1978) patent CS 171820 B1 19761129.

Ocenasek, M.; Ruprych, M.; Krcal, Z.; Polak, J. Producing sterile apyrogenic water (1974), CS 154810 B1 19740430.

Pure condensed vapor or demineralized drinking water was passed through 2 cation exchanger beds of styrene resin. The 1st bed was converted to H cycle with an 8:1 mixt. of 2-4% H₂SO₄ and 1-3% HNO₃. The 2nd bed was washed with a 0.5M AgNO₃ soln. and elementary Ag sepd. by redn. with a 5% Na₂S₂O₄ soln. as a fine dispersion.

Matejka, Z.; Ocenasek, M.; Eliasek, J.; Mostecky, J.; Uher, J.; Prokupek, J.; Tuna, J. Simultaneous removal of aldehydes, ketones, and acids from solutions by anion exchangers (1974) patent DE 2426274 A1 19741205.

Kadlec, V.; Matejka, Z.; Ocenasek, M. Regeneration of mixed ion exchanger bed in situ (1972) patent CS 146595 19721215.

Mixts. of a slightly acidic cation exchanger contg. carboxylic or phenol groups, and a slightly basic anion exchanger contg. amino groups are regenerated by a single feed of water satd. with CO₂ which is passed countercurrently to the direction of the deionization cycle. During the regeneration cycle, H₂O and CO₂ react with the cation (X) retained by the cation exchanger during the deionization cycle to yield X⁺ and HCO₃^- which takes part in the regeneration of the anion exchanger. This reacts with X⁺ and HCO₃^- to give the free base and the HCO₃^- form. From the effluent, CO₂ can be stripped by aeration and recycled.

Ocenasek, M.; Pelikan, J.; Eliasek, J. Neutralization of acid waste waters from direct cooling of combustion products (1971) patent CS 139660 19710115.

Ocenasek, M.; Burianek, K.; Urban, J.; Cvejn, J. Neutralization of wastes from desalination plants based on ion exchangers (1970) Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , D 20, 49-66.

A mixt. of a carboxyl cation exchanger and weakly basic anion exchanger in a 1:1 ratio is recommended for disposing of waste regeneration solns. from a desalination plant. This mixt. maintains by neutralization the regeneration wastes in the pH range 6.5 to 8.5, the equalization of concns. of both the solns. in the holding tanks being recommended. The reverse vol. changes in both masses in passing from one cycle to the other alternate contact with acid and alk. wastes are a pos. contribution to the use of this mixt. in filters of ordinary std. type. If the regeneration regime of the desalination plant as regards the equivalence of the used amt. of acids and hydroxides is not equalized, the resp. portion of acid washing waters should be introduced into a reservoir of cooling water under the tower. In this reservoir there is a buffer capacity sufficient for the neutralization of the H⁺ ions since the consumption of cooling water in the circulation water-steam is a multiple of the vol. of water added for feeding the steam boilers.

Ocenasek, M.; Kadlec, V.; Matejka, Z. Regeneration of weakly alkaline anion exchange resins. (1969) Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , 18, 39-47.

Vosta, J.; Talasek, V.; Ocenasek, M.; Eliasek, J.; Volak, J. Use of piperidine as a volatile alkalization agent. (1969) Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , 18, 15-28.

Pelikan, J.; Ocenasek, M.; Eliasek, J. Apparatus for the determination of capacity of ion exchangers for the removal of dissolved oxygen from water (1969) patent CS 131203 19690215.

Ocenasek, M.; Erlebach, J.; Lischke, P.; Solin, V. Germanium in waste waters. I. Application of ion exchange. (1968) Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, F: Technologie Vody, 13, 81-97.

The waste waters from the processing of Ge contain GeF₆^2-, NO₃^-, and F. The removal of GeF₆^2- was achieved on Wofatit L 150 in OH-form, which can treat 120 × its own vol. of soln., contg. GeF₆^2- 20, NO₃^- 40, and F^- 100 meq./l. with acidity 140 meq./l., from which <2% of GeF₆^2- are not retained. The regeneration is done with 2% NaOH.

Talasek, V.; Ocenasek, M. Spectrophotometric determination of extremely low concentrations of iron in a condensate. (1967) Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , 15, 15-20.

The various influences that are to be considered in the course of spectrophotometric detn. of Fe²⁺ with 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline were studied. Dependence of complex color formation on the pH of the sample after buffer addn. was verified and optimal pH (3.25-4.5) conditions were chosen. Iso-AmOH and n-hexyl alc. were most suitable for extn. The long boiling of the acid sample was necessary to convert nonionic Fe to an ionic form quant. To 100 ml. of the sample add 2 ml. HCl (1:9), reflux for 1 hr., cool, add 2 ml. 10% NH₂OH.HCl, mix, add 6 ml. 10% AcONa, mix with 2 ml. 0.0075M (by extn. detn.) or 2 ml. of 0.001M (by direct detn.) 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline in EtOH. The extn. time with 20 ml. of the extn. agents was 3 min. The 2 layers sepd. after standing 15 min. At concns. of Fe >20 γ/l. it is advantageous to use the direct method, at concns. of Fe 2+ ext. in iso-AmOh and n-hexanol was at 535 nm.

Kadlec, V.; Matejka, Z.; Ocenasek, M. Sodium bicarbonate as regenerating agent for weakly basic anion exchangers. (1967) Mitteilungen der Vereinigung der Grosskesselbesitzer , No. 108, 209-10.

In the regeneration of weakly basic anion exchangers, e.g. Wofatit L150 or Amberlite IR 145, with 4% NaOH, Na₂CO₃, or NH₄OH the consumption of water for washing increases over 3 years from 7, 6, and 6 times the resin bed vol. to 47, 39, and 15 times, resp. By using NaHCO₃ as the regenerating agent the vol. of washing water remains at 5 times the bed vol. with considerable saving in time and water consumption in industrial plants.

Vosta, J.; Talasek, V.; Ocenasek, M.; Eliasek, J.; Dluhos, J. Piperidine, a new volatile alkalizing agent. (1967) Mitteilungen der Vereinigung der Grosskesselbesitzer, No. 106, 39-41.

Brodsky, A.; Kadlec, V.; Ocenasek, M. Evaluation of the effect of organic matter on ion exchangers by using the mixed-bed test. (1966), Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , 10, 35-43.

For demineralization of water a mixt. of ion exchangers was used. The org. compds. effect the activity of weak basic ion exchangers and therefore they were removed before they enter the demineralization station by using a highly porous ion exchanger. The changes of elec. cond. in relation to the concn. of org. compds., the so-called mixed-bed test, were observed for Amberlite MB-1 with different samples of water. The results showed that org. compds. must be removed before demineralization of water with ion exchang

Ocenasek, M.; Cech, B.; Volak, J. Cooling-water demineralization after polyphosphate-inocculation treatment. (1966) Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , 10(27-34), 27-34.

The presence of polyphosphate anions in water from the condenser of the steam turbine was not a hindrance for using this water as a raw material for prepn. of addnl. water for filling of steam boilers. No disturbing effects were found either in the quality of the produced water or on the ion-exchanging resins in the demineralization station. The advantage of the approx. const. temp. of cooling water could be used at all steps of water treatment also after polyphosphate inoculation. The content of phosphates in the used salts as an inoculation soln. was 53-64% and for polyphosphates 51-63%.

Ocenasek, M. Foreign language nomenclature in the power plant branch of chemical engineering. (1966) Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv , 10, 75-94.

About 150 technical terms most frequently used by the power plant chem. engineer are listed in Czech., Eng., Fr., Ger., and Russ.

Ocenasek, M.; Matejka, Z. The influence of organic matter on anion exchangers. (1962) Sb. Vysoke Skoly Chem. Technol. Praze, Technol. Vody , 5(2), 293-312.

Asmit 259 or similar weakly basic porous anion exchangers can deionize water and remove from it org. matter. It is regenerated with satd. NaHCO₃ soln. and requires 178 g. NaHCO₃/l. of resin. Regeneration with alk. soln. of NaCl after 60 cycles, when the resin required 4.5 g. O/l. of resin for the oxidn. of org. matter with Ce4+, brought it back to the original value. The capacity of Asmit 259 has not been impaired during the expts. and remained 300 meq./l.

Ocenasek, M.; Kysela, B. Influence of oxidants on ion exchangers. I. Stability of some cation exchangers and anion exchangers in the solutions of chromates and chromic acid. Sb. Vysoke Skoly Chem. Technol. Praze, Technol. Vody (1962), 5(2), 313-22.

Static tests at room temp. showed that the suitability of ion exchangers for the treatment of CrO₄^2- and CrO₃ solns. decreases in series: cation exchangers S, Zerolit 225, Wofatit KPS 200, KU - 2, FN; anion exchangers MFD, Zerolit FF, Amberlite IR-4-B, Zerolit E, EDE-10 P.

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prof. Ing. Josef PELIKÁN, CSc.

1973 - 1990 děkan Fakulty technologie paliv a vody

Narozen v Praze v roce 1930.

Po absolvování reálného gymnasia v Karlíně se stal posluchačem VŠCHT Praha, kterou absolvoval v roce 1953. Po krátké době zaměstnání na tehdejší Katedře koksárenství a plynárenství na Fakultě technologie paliv a vody se stal odborným asistentem na Katedře tepelné techniky. Kandidátskou disertační práci obhájil v roce 1962 a habilitační řízení absolvoval v roce 1966 úspěšnou obhajobou práce „Měření vodíku v páře“. V roce 1980 byl jmenován profesorem pro obor „Tepelná technika“.

V roce 1980 mu byla udělena medaile prof. Ferdinanda Schulze.

Smrz, M.,; Vosta, J., Macak, J., Pelikan, J., Kudlicka, J. Corrosion passivation of steel (1991), patent CS 272104 B1 19910115.

Pelikan, J., Macak, J., Vosta, J. Corrosion and corrosion inhibition of aluminum alloys for central heating radiators Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1990), D58, 175-90.

Macak, J., Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Pelikan, J.,; Hluchan, V., Vymetal, J., Vavrin, J. Corrosion inhibitor for fuel gas production (1991), patent CS 270917 B1 19900814.

Macak, J., Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Pelikan, J., Hluchan, V., Vymetal, J., Vavrin, J. Corrosion inhibitor for petroleum atmospheric distillation equipment (1991), patent CS 270916 B1 19900814.

Smrz, M.,Vosta, J., Macak, J., Pelikan, J., Vavrin, J., Lohnisky, J.,Novotny, M., Horak, Z., Vana, O. et al. Corrosion inhibitor for energetic gases' exploitation,transportation and storage equipment (1991), patent CS 274680 B2 19910915.

Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Oliva, L., Horak, Z.,Pelikan, J., Macak, J.,Viden, I., Kratochvil, J., Vavrin, J. Directional corrosion inhibitor (1990),patent CS 268318 B1 19900314.

Tulackova, D., Pelikan, J., Hluchan, V., Surface modification of metals by laser radiation Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1990), D58, 123-37.

In a review with 8 refs., Nd:YAG lasers, CO₂ lasers, and excimer lasers and their application for welding aree discussed. Cutting, drilling, and surface treatment of metals is discussed.

Cimicka, H., Pelikan, J., Hluchan, V. Corrosion of steam turbine blades Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1990), D58, 21-45.

In a review with 35 refs., the state of knowledge of corrosion of steam turbine blades in the transition region between dry and wet steam is discussed. Environment (i.e., impurities in steam, their concn. distribution, and their deposition), corrosion fatigue, pitting corrosion resistance, microstructure, protective coatings on the turbine blades, and dynamic loading of the blades are discussed.

Jiricek, I., Hluchan, V., Pelikan, J. Corrosion of austenitic steels in the environment of a coolant of pressurized light-water reactors Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1990), D58, 91-122.

In a review with 50 refs., types and mechanisms of corrosion attack of austenitic steels in cooling cycles of light-water pressure nuclear reactors are discussed. Corrosion resistance and its relation to microstructure and its changes due to aging are considered. Their resistance to fatigue crack propagation is discussed. Two basic mechanisms of crack propagation in a coolant medium are corrosion due to anodic dissoln. and H embrittlement. The mechanisms permit quant. calcn. of crack growth rate.

Pesinova, V., Cimicka, H., Pelikan, J., Dusek, J., Comparison of the pitting-corrosion resistance of steels for manufacture of steam turbine blades Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1990), D58, 233-9.

The resistance of Poldi AK1 steel, conventionally used for steam turbine blades, and martensitic pptn. hardenable steel 03Cr10Ni10Mo2 subjected to hardening and quenching, to pitting corrosion was examd. by using cyclic voltammetry. The measurements were completed by metallog. evaluation of the corroded surfaces. There was no substantial difference between corrosion resistance of either steel.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Macak, J. Thiocyanato and mercapto compounds as inhibitors for iron corrosion in hydrochloric acid Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1989), D57, 271-80.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Vanek, F. Inhibition of class 15 steel corrosion in hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids on RDE [rotating disk electrode],Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1989), D57, 237-53.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J.,Smrz, M. Pyridine derivatives as inhibitors of iron corrosion in hydrochloric acid Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1989), D57, 255-70.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Hluchan, V., Corrosion inhibitor for aluminum alloys in aqueous medium (1989), patent CS 258861 B1 19880916.

Bartos, M., Macak, J., Vosta, J., Pelikan, J. Study of an inhibited corrosion reaction. IV. Evaluation of the behavior of p-halo-substituted anilines using an a.c. impedance technique Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1988), D56, 291-321.

Jiricek, I., Hluchan, V., Pelikan, J. Corrosion cracking of steel in aqueous media. II Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1988), D56, 251-89.

Stress corrosion cracking of 08Cr18Ni10Ti stainless steel was studied in high temp. (255°) pure H₂O environment according to the service condition of pressure water reactors. Environment sensitive fracture was obsd. in slow-strain rate tests at strain rates of the order -6 to -7/s mainly in O-present water environment. Deleterious effects were detected even with Na phosphate and hydrazine presence. Effects of NaCl soln. on high cycle corrosion fatigue of notched steam generator pipes were studied at the room temp. Pit-forming mechanism was supposed for redn. in fatigue limit compared to the air test observation.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Varga, L., Smrz, M., Holinka, M., Hluchan, V., Peca, M. Passivation of brass tubes for heat exchangers (1987), patent CS 234628 B1 19850416.

Varga, L., Vosta, J., Holinka, M., Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Panacek, F. Decreasing the corrosion aggressivity of cooling media in power system condensers (1987), patent CS 234627 B1 19850416.

Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Pelikan, J., Kapounova, H., Kleprlik, Z., Hluchan, V., Eliasek, J. Removal of copper deposits from boiler surfaces in power plants (1986), patent CS 236422 B1 19850515.

Hluchan, V., Vosta, J., Pelikan, J.,Smrz, M., Nemcova, J. Stress-corrosion cracking inhibitor (1986), patent CS 228745 B1 19840514.

Cervinka, J., Pelikan, J., Hluchan, V., Vosta, J. Corrosion of ferritic steels in products of the sodium-water reaction Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1985), D51, 215-34.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Nemcova, J., Varga, L. Passivating and corrosion inhibiting agent for heat exchangers of brass (1986), patent CS 223221 B1 19830915.

Hluchan, V., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J. Mechanism of stress corrosion cracking Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1985), D51, 199-214.

Mostecky, J., Nemcova, J., Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Lohnisky, J., Novotny, M., Hluchan, V., Strnadova, V. Deicing salt with a mixed corrosion inhibitor (1985), patent CS 219449 B1 19830325.

Nemcova, J., Bartonicek, R., Holinka, M.,Sverepa, O., Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Panacek, F., Eliasek, J.,; et al. Corrosion inhibitor for brass with a biocidal effect (1985), patent CS 222108 B1 19830429.

Mostecky, J., Humhej, J., Lohnicky, J., Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Nemcova, J., Smrz, M. Deicing agents for asphalt compositions (1985), patent CS 218692 B1 19830225.

Hluchan, V.; Pelikan, J.; Vosta, J. Corrosion and SCC of steel in hydrogen sulfide environment Proc. - Int. Congr. Met. Corros. (1984), 3, 538-42.

Corrosion inhibitors for H₂S were evaluated in connection with natural gas prodn. in Czechoslovakia. The corrosion study was carried out by measuring the potentiodynamic polarization, and by the const. strain rate deformation method. The inhibitors Sever 1, Garesin, and I-21-D were the most effective.

Kozak, P., Stejskal, M., Kubelka, V., Barszcz, M., Richtar, A., Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J. Lubricating oils for cold drawing and rolling of metals (1983), patent CS 208584 B1 19810915.

A mixt. of chlorinated paraffins (contg. 40% Cl) 650, Ca(OH)₂ 200, Ca oleate [142-17-6] 30, and polyol Me ether 20 parts reduces wear of the mandrels and increases luster of the lining of drawn tubes. It may contain 10 parts Zn dialkyl dithiophosphate, Ca petroleum sulfonate, and a mixt. of imidazole derivs., to increase resistance to seizure and corrosion.

Hluchan, V., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J. Corrosion and corrosion cracking in hydrogen sulfide environment Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1984), D50, 57-70.

Vanek, F., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J. Study of point corrosion of aluminum in aqueous sodium chloride medium by measuring chemical impedance Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1984), D50, 39-55.

Pelikan, J., Vanek, F., Vosta, J. Study of pitting corrosion of aluminum in aqueous sodium chloride medium by means of RDE Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1984), D50, 19-37.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Macak, J., Hluchan, V., Smrz, M. Study of an inhibited corrosion reaction. III Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1984), D50, 71-82.

Vosta, J.; Trabanelli, G.; Pelikan, J.; Zucchi, F.; Hluchan, V. Contribution for evaluation of some benzonitriles as corrosion inhibitors. Proc. - Int. Congr. Met. Corros. (1984), 1, 378-9.

Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Lohnisky, J., Nemcova, J., Smrz, M., Novotny, M. Antifreeze composition from sodium chloride and corrosion inhibitors (1984), patent CS 216579 B1 19821126.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Zehle, I. Corrosion protection of metal-plated contacts in electronics (1984), patent CS 213533 B1 19820409.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Hluchan, V., Smetana, J., Wagner, M. Anticorrosion treatment of equipment (1984), patent CS 213223 B1 19820326.

Pelikan, J.,Vosta, J., Mostecky, J., Inhibited anticorrosive lacquer (1983), patent CS 202460 B1 19810130.

Macak, J., Vosta, J., Pelikan, J. Smrz, M., Hluchan, V., Havlas, Z. Study of the inhibited corrosion reaction. II Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1982), D45, 99-134.

Nemcova, J., Holinka, M., Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Eliasek, J., Smrz, M., Lohnisky, J., Novotny, M., Mencl, F., Corrosion inhibitor for aqueous heat exchange media in brass (1983), patent CS 211962 B1 19820226.

Havrland, B., Jara, J., Smrz, M., Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Mostecky, J. Anticorrosion protection of metal articles (1983), patent CS 211982 B1 19820226.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Sedlacek, M. Inhibition of corrosion reactions. I Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1982), D45, 5-25.

Vosta, J., Kadija, I. V., Pelikan, J., Hackermann, N., Hluchan, V. Inhibition corrosion of iron by means of RDRE Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1982), D45, 75-97.

Hluchan, V., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J. Stress corrosion cracking of steels in aqueous environments Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1982), D45, 51-74.

Nemcova, J., Sverepa, O., Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Volf, J., Safar, M., Fousek, V., et al. Bactericidal agent inhibiting corrosion of metals (1983), patent CS 202494 B1 19810130.

Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Nemcova, J., Sverepa, O., Safar, M., Fousek, V., Demcik, Z., Slanina, F. Mixed corrosion inhibitor (1982), patent CS 207959 B1 19810831.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Mostecky, J., Nemcova, J., Smrz, M., Holinka, M. Corrosion inhibiting and bactericidal treatment of heat exchange medium (1983), patent CS 200933 B1 19801031.

Sedlacek, M. Pelikan, J.; Vosta, J. Measurement of the frequency dependence of chemical cell impedance Elektrotechnicky Casopis (1983), 34(2), 118-28.

Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Nemcova, J., Vosta, J., Holinka, M. Treatment of a heat-transfer medium for cooling circuits (1982), patent CS 199200 B1 19800731.

Vosta, J.,Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Mostecky, J. Passivating agent for metal protection (1982), patent CS 200099 B1 19800829.

Nemcova, J., Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Holinka, M., Rabl, V.,; Smrz, M. Anticorrosive and biocidal agent for a heat-exchanging medium (1981), patent CS 202864 B1 19810227.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Mostecky, J., Janecek, J. Removable anticorrosive coatings (1982), patent CS 196177 B1 19800331.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Mostecky, J., Talasek, V. Bactericidal agent having an anticorrosive affect for cooling circuits (1981), patent CS 192290 B1 19790831.

An ED for 1 ton cooling water consists of an aq. emulsion contg. 2-5 g octadcylamine [124-30-1] and 0.05-0.1 g emulsifier, such as ethoxylate fatty acids or polyethylene glycol [25322-68-3]. It is combined with 5 g methylethyllaurylbenzylammonium hydroxide [81336-03-0] or 3 g dimethyllaurylbenzylammonium hydroxide [500-33-4] and 2 g cetylguanidine [48073-73-0]. It may optionally contain 0.3 g p-H2NC6H4SO2NH2 [63-74-1] and 0.2 g alkyl isothiocyanate.

Safar, M. Fousek, V.,; Slanina, F.,; Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Nemcova, J., Sverepa, O. A mixed corrosion inhibitor (1981), patent GB 2064985 A 19810624.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Horejs, J. Cooling mixture (1981), patent CS 187766 B1 19790228.

Pelikan, J., Smrz, M.; Vosta, J. Corrosion of concrete in the presence of deicing agents Razrab. Mer Zashch. Met. Korroz., Mezhdunar. Nauchno-Tekh. Konf. Probl. SEV, 3rd (1980), 5, 270-3.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J. Study of the inhibition of corrosion of aluminum in an aqueous chloride medium Razrab. Mer Zashch. Met. Korroz., Mezhdunar. Nauchno-Tekh. Konf. Probl. SEV, 3rd (1980), 5, 66-8.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J. Study of corrosion inhibition using faradaic impedance Razrab. Mer Zashch. Met. Korroz., Mezhdunar. Nauchno-Tekh. Konf. Probl. SEV, 3rd (1980), 5, 30-3.

Mostecky, J., Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Smrz, M., Nemcova, J., Sverepa, O., Safar, M., Fousek, V., Slanina, F. Mixed corrosion inhibitor for metals, (1981), patent DE 2949394 A1 19810611.

Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Vosta, J. Surface treatment of an aluminum electrode prior to electrochemical measurements Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1980), D 41, 25-33.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Laznicka, P. Study of corrosion inhibition by faradaic impedance Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1980), D 41, 35-41.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Antos, M. A study of corrosion inhibition of aluminum in an aqueous chloride medium Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1980), D 41, 17-24.

Vosta, J. Pelikan, J. Eliasek, J. Corrosion inhibition Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1980), D 41, 83-103.

A review with 119 refs. on the mechanism of corrosion and classification of corrosion inhibitors is given.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Mostecky, J., Smrz, M., Lohnisky, J. Liquid deicer (1980), patent CS 184118 B1 19800715.

Pelikan, J., Horejs, J.,; Smrz, M., Vosta, J. Corrosion inhibitor for a neutral aqueous medium (1980), patent CS 183599 B1 19800615.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Mostecky, J., Smrz, M., Lohnisky, J. Deicing agent for roads (1980), patent CS 183475 B1 19800515.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Smrz, M. Inhibitor of pitting and intercrystal corrosion (1980),patent CS 182094 B1 19800315.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Hackerman, N. Study of the character of the inhibition reaction Annali dell'Universita di Ferrara, Sezione 5: Chimica Pura ed Applicata, Supplemento (1980), 7(Vol. 1, Eur. Symp. Corros. Inhibitors, 5th), 255-66.

Slepicka, J.; Pelikan, J.; Nekvasil, F. Use of ion exchangers for purification of chrome plating wastes Razrab. Mer Zashch. Met. Korroz., Mezhdunar. Nauchno-Tekh. Konf. Probl. SEV, 3rd (1980), 4, 119-22.

Pelikan, J.,Smrz, M., Vosta, J. Agent inhibiting corrosion of magnesium and its alloys (1980), patent CS 182093 B1 19800315.

Mg alloy systems in at. reactors were protected by treating with solns. contg. 0.02 K₂SiF₆ and optionally 0.005% ZnSiF₆.

Pelikan, J., Smrz, M., Vosta, J. Concrete corrosion caused by deicing agents Stavivo (1979), 57(3), 84-6.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J., Cozl, V. Corrosion of steel in cooling water treated with peracetic acid Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1977), D 35, 87-98.

Vosta, J., Pelikan, J., Vanek, F. Study of the behavior of iron in amidosulfonic acid using polarization resistance and polarization curves, Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1977), D 35, 99-112.

Pelikan, J.,Vosta, J., Cozl, V. Pitting corrosion of steel in cooling water Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1977), D 35, 77-85.

Pelikan, J., Vosta, J.,Macura, J. A study on the corrosion of aluminum and duralumin in an inhibited sodium chloride solution Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1977), D 35, 61-75.

Skrdleta, V., Sykora, J.,Pelikan, J. Effect of varieties and inoculation on the content of bound amino acids in soybean seeds Rostlinna Vyroba (1975), 21(6), 597-605.

Inoculation of soybean with 3 differently effective strains of Rhizobium japonicum and symbiosis of these strains with different varieties of host soybean plants were shown to influence significantly the content of bound amino acids with respect to total N content in the seeds, as well as the content of individual bound amino acids. The inoculation affected significantly the content of total bound amino acids and the contents of arginine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine, and methionine. The most pos. effect was found for strain D 334. Also important was the effect of interactions between the host variety and inoculation. The neg. effect on the content of bound amino acids was found in the case of the variety Chippewa x strain D 216. The effective symbiosis with respect to protein synthesis was found in the case of the variety Adepta x strain D 344 and the variety Adepta x strain 331 B.

Vosta, J.; Pelikan, J.; Smrz, M. Investigation of corrosion inhibitors for iron in hydrofluoric acid Werkstoffe und Korrosion (1974), 25(10), 750-3.

Nekvasil, F.; Pelikan, J.; Slepicka, J. Stability of cation exchangers for regeneration of chromium and chromate electrolytes Povrchove Upravy (1974), 14(6), 29-31.

A comparative study of the stability of cation exchangers Ostion (Czechoslovakia) and Lewatit SP 120 (West Germany) was performed and the effect of porosity on the ion-exchange characteristics and their stability were investigated. A specially designed app. was used in the expts. Under exptl. conditions, all products investigated were highly resistant to the corrosive medium, Cr electrolyte. Effective capacity is ∼40% of the total capacity; this ratio proved practically independent of the no. of working cycles. In chromate electrolytes contg. 200, 300, and 400 g CrO₃/l., the rate of total capacity drop depends on the concn.

Eliasek, J., Kocica, J., Panacek, F., Pelikan, J., Vcelak, L. Evaluating oxide layers in boiler tubes of steam generators Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica (1974), 2(3), 249-59.

Pelikan, J., Voshta, J., Panaczek, F., Kiefmann, J., Eliashek, J., Mostecky, J., Tauber, J., Shvejda, V. Antifreeze salts with corrosion inhibitor (1972), patent DE 2161522 B2 19731025.

Corrosion-inhibiting antifreeze salts for roads contain 80-99.9 parts chloride, 5-15 parts spent pickling lye (from a foundry) contg. alkali metal silicate with an alkali metal oxide-SiO₂ ratio 0.5-1.0:1 and transition metals, and 1-10 parts Zn and (or) alkali metal phosphates, permanganates, nitrites, chlorates, or chromates. Thus, an antifreeze salt contains NaCl 1000, lye 100, NaH₂PO₄·H₂O 38, and KMnO₄ 17.6 kg.

Panacek, F., Pelikan, J., Petrova, M. Steel corrosion in inhibited organic acids Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1972), D25, 27-35.

Ocenasek, M., Pelikan, J., Eliasek, J. Neutralization of acid waste waters from direct cooling of combustion products (1971), patent CS 139660 19710115.

Markovec, L., Landa, S., Kupec, F., Pelikan, J. Isomerization of 2-ethyl-1-hexene during the displacement chromatography on various grades of silica gel Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1969), 16, 135-47.

The effect of different methods of silica gel prepn. and activation was investigated with respect to the ability to cause the isomerization of 2-ethyl-1-hexene to 3-methylheptenes during displacement chromatog.

Pelikan, J. Formation of a protective layer in boiler tubes studied by measuring hydrogen in steam Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1969), 18, 29-38.

The formation of a protective layer in boiler tubes was studied by measuring the H₂ content in the steam formed by the reaction: 3Fe + 4H₂O → Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂. The protective layer was prepd. in chem. cleaned boiler tubes. Neutral, distd. and de-aerated water was used. The expts. were carried out at different pressures from 6 to 90 atm for 24, 60, and 120 hr. At 6 and 20 atm the heat flux was changed from 9.04 × 104 to 2.37 × 105 kcal/m² hr. During all expts. the outside temp. of the boiler tubes, the circulation rate, and H content in the steam were measured and the H₂ no. ω = N k' w/Fi, where N = feed rate steam (tons/hr), k'w = concn. of H₂ in the steam (std. cm³/ton), and Fi = oxidn. surface (m²), was calcd. The increasing heat flux had a pos. effect on the formation of the protective layer. At a heat flux of 2.37 × 105 kcal/m² hr, the H₂ content in the steam decreased after 8 hr to 4 μg/kg and the H₂ no. to 42 std. cm³/m² hr.

Pelikan, J., Ocenasek, M., Eliasek, J. Apparatus for the determination of capacity of ion exchangers for the removal of dissolved oxygen from water (1969), patent CS 131203 19690215.

Pelikan, J. Determination of hydrogen in steam Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko-Technologicke v Praze, D: Technologie Paliv (1967), 15, 71-86.

An app. was constructed for detn. of H in steam, based on desorption of gases from the steam condensate and detn. of the content of H in these gases from measurements of thermal cond. The advantage of this app. is that it is possible to work with smaller samples and therefore it could be used also in the pilot plants where the amt. of steam/hr. was 2O with a known content of H in solns. The dependence between the temp. and H₂O flow rate and the temp. of air, which was used as a carrier gas, was studied.

Pelikan, J. Apparatus to determine the content of hydrogen dissolved in water (1966), patent CS 118372 19660515.

During passage through a plate column, H is desorbed from the analyzed sample with air. A thermally conducting sensing element is provided with heated measuring wires which form a Wheatstone bridge, connected with a registration millivoltmeter. The heat makes the gases stream upwards owing to lower sp. wt. and provides the intake of air by suction.

Pelikan, J.; Nekvasil, F.; Kuncir, J.; Valal, J. Investigation of the technological isolation of I from mineralized waters Sbornik Geologickych Ved, Technologie, Geochemie (1964), 4, 161-89.

A review of methods used for the sepn. of I from mineralized waters is given. The results of expts. with the waters from Darkov (Czechoslovakia) on a model app. are described. A procedure for I production from the Darkov waters is proposed.

Pelikan, J. Production of refractory mixed oxide ceramic masses resistant at high temperature Sklar a Keramik (1961), 11, 221-2.

On the basis of chem. structure, refractory materials are classified into 4 groups: (1) basic, e.g. MgO, (2) neutral, e.g. Al₂O₃, (3) amphoteric, e.g. Zr oxide, and (4) acid, e.g. Zr silicates. Further the selection of raw materials, dressing of mixts., the actual prepn. of melting crucibles made of these mixts., and their firing is dealt with.

Karas, F. Pelikán, J. Preparing a silicic acid sol by means of ion exchangers (1959), patent CS 89818 19590415.

Karas, F. Pelikán, J. Preparation of very pure silica gel (1958) Chemický Průmysl 8 (33)2, 59-61.

Ion exchangers "Katex FN" and "Anex MFD" are suitable for prepg. a silicic acid sol from dild. water-glass; the SiO₂ gel prepd. from this sol. is very pure.

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Vedoucí ústavu:	Pohořelý Michael, doc. Ing., Ph.D.	22044 3051	B 166	VR FTOP
Tajemník / Hospodář:	Juklíčková Hana, Ing.	22044 3125	B 166b	zdravotník
Profesoři:	Janda Václav, prof. Ing. CSc.	22044 3145	B 106
Docenti:	Jelínek Luděk, doc. Ing. Ph.D.	22044 3130	B 165e	IT Etická komise VŠCHT Knihovní rada VŠCHT AS VŠCHT VR FTOP
	Macák Jan, doc. Ing. CSc.	22044 3133	B 172	VR FTOP
	Parschová Helena, doc. Dr. Ing.	22044 3128	B 165c	VR FTOP
	Pohořelý Michael, doc. Ing. Ph.D.	22044 3051	B166	VR FTOP
	Sajdl Petr, doc. RNDr. CSc.	22044 3081 22044 3078 22044 3073	B S15 B S14a B S12a	referent BOZP preventista PO
Pedagogičtí a vědecko-výzkumní pracovníci:	Arnoult Růžičková Mariana, Ing. Ph.D.	22044 3133	B 172
	Farták Josef, Ing. Ph.D.	22044 3134	B 173	AS FTOP
	Hromadová Magdaléna, Mgr. Ph.D.	26605 3197	B 166	VR FTOP
	Hušek Matěj, Ing.	22044 3134	B 173
	Jiříček Ivo, Ing. CSc.	22044 3134	B 173	knihovník
	Matoušková Lenka, Ing.	22044 3126	B168
	Mištová Eva, Ing. Ph.D.	22044 3128	B 165c	WEB referent NLM
	Moško Jaroslav, Ing. Dr. Ph.D.	22044 3134	B 173
	Rejková Jana, Ing. Ph.D.	22044 3078	B S14a	MD
	Sikarwar Vineet Singh, MSc., Ph.D.	22039 0393
	Štěpánková Zuzana, Ing.	22044 3126	B 168
	Toropitsyna Jelena, Ing., Ph.D.	22044 3126	B 168	MD

Technici:	Roztočil Petr, Ing.	22044 3132	B 170
	Valtr Jaromír, Ing.	22044 3132	B 170	referent plynových zařízení

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prezenční forma studia	Dašek David, Ing.	22044 3132
	Hušek Matěj, Ing.	22044 3134
	Roztočil Petr, Ing.	22044 3132
	Sedmihradská Anežka, Ing.	22044 3134
	Sukdolová Kateřina, Ing.	22044 3134
	Šot Ondřej, Ing.	22044 3134
	Šperlich Antonín, Ing. Bc.	22044 3134
	Štěpánková Zuzana, Ing.	22044 3126
	Tomášová Zdeňka, RNDr.	22044 3134
	Valtr Jaromír, Ing.	22044 3132
kombinovaná forma / přerušení studia / zahraniční stáž:	Averchenko Olga, Ing. Filas Karolína, Ing. Kokinda Jakub, MSc. Košek Lukáš, Ing. Matoušková Lenka, Ing. Nguyenová Quynh Trang, Ing. Novák Michal, Ing. Ružovič Tomáš, Ing. Sears Anna, Ing. Skálová Hana, Ing. Tomar Ritik, MSc. Vaňková Žemlová Tereza, Ing. Vizelková Kateřina Ing.

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Vedoucí ústavu:	doc. Ing. Jan Macák, CSc.	e 22044 3051 / 22044 3133
Tajemnice:	Ing. Hana Juklíčková	e 22044 3125
Adresa:	Ústav energetiky VŠCHT Praha, Technická 3, 166 28 Praha 6
Tel.:	+420 22044 3125
Fax:	+420 22044 3898
E-mail:	hana.juklickova@vscht.cz

Vedoucí ústavu:

e 22044 3051

Tajemnice:

e 22044 3125

Adresa:

Ústav energetiky VŠCHT Praha

Technická 3

166 28 Praha 6

Tel.:

+420 22044 3125

E-mail:

Bakalářské studium

Magisterské studium

Doktorské studium (1. - 4. ročník)

Doktorské studium (5. - 7. ročník)

Vedoucí ústavu:

e 22044 3051 / 22044 3133

Tajemnice:

e 22044 3125

Adresa:

Ústav energetiky VŠCHT Praha, Technická 3, 166 28 Praha 6

Tel.:

+420 22044 3125

Fax:

+420 22044 3898

E-mail:

Chyba 404

DATA

Vedoucí ústavu:

e 22044 3051

Tajemnice:

e 22044 3125

Adresa:

Ústav energetiky VŠCHT Praha

Technická 3

166 28 Praha 6

Tel.:

+420 22044 3125

E-mail:

v minulosti na ústavu působili:

1954 - 1966 vedoucí Katedry tepelné techniky

1953 – 1955 prorektor pro věci vědecké

1955 – 1956 děkan Fakulty technologie paliv a vody

1957 – 1958 prorektor pro vědu a výzkum

1958 – 1959 prorektor pro vědecko-výzkumnou činnost

1966 - 1986 vedoucí Katedry tepelné techniky

1964 – 1969 proděkan FTPV

1969 – 1973 děkan FTPV

1973 - 1990 děkan Fakulty technologie paliv a vody

Vedoucí ústavu:

22044 3051

Tajemník / Hospodář:

22044 3125

Profesoři:

22044 3145

Docenti:

22044 3130

22044 3133

22044 3128

22044 3051

22044 3134

22044 3134

22044 3126

22044 3128

22044 3078

Sikarwar Vineet Singh, MSc., Ph.D.

22039 0393

22044 3126

22044 3126

Technici:

Dašek David, Ing.

22044 3132

Hušek Matěj, Ing.

22044 3134

Roztočil Petr, Ing.

22044 3132

Sedmihradská Anežka, Ing.

22044 3134

Tomášová Zdeňka, RNDr.

Valtr Jaromír, Ing.