CCS/U

The group has long been involved in key CCS/U technology challenges.

Sikarwar, V.S., Pohorely, M., Jeremias, M. Introduction to carbon capture methods and technologies. Chapter one in Advances and Technology Development in Greenhouse Gases: Emission, Capture and Conversion. Carbon Capture Technologies. Elsevier, 3–25, (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-19233-3.00007-9. (Book chapter).

The research focuses on the following research domains:

CO₂ separation from flue gas

The focus of our activity is on the flue gases purification and their conditioning so that their properties allow CO₂ separation. The second main focus of our research is the purification of the obtained CO₂ to the level necessary for its further industrial use.

The interdisciplinary team dealing with CO₂ separation is based, among other things, on intensive cooperation with the Department of Sustainable Fuels and Green Chemistry (adsorption, CO₂ utilization), the Department of Physical Chemistry (membrane separation), the Department of Solid State Chemistry (adsorption and alkaline scrubbing) and the Department of Energy Engineering at the Czech Technical University in Prague (CO₂ separation, purification).

In the case of CO₂ mitigation produced by combustion processes, we focus on all three basic directions, i.e. processes known as pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion.

Projects:

1. Low-emission technologies of energy conversion of biomass and alternative fuels (2020–2025) TAČR – TK03030167.
2. National Energy Centre II – NCK2 (2023–2028). TAČR – TN02000025.

Moško, J., Pohořelý, M., Zach, B., Svoboda, K., Durda, T., Jeremiáš, M., Šyc, M., Václavková, Š., Skoblia, S., Beňo, Z., Brynda, J. Fluidized bed incineration of sewage sludge in O₂/N₂ and O₂/CO₂ Atmospheres. Energy & Fuels 32, 2355-2365, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02908.  (WoS, JIF 3.024 /2017/, Q2).

 Synthesis gas CO₂ separation

The research focuses on increasing hydrogen production by in-situ sorption of CO₂ during reforming, called Sorption Enhanced Reforming (SER). This technique improves hydrogen yields by capturing CO₂ during the reaction, thereby shifting the balance of water-gas shift reaction (WGS) and reforming reactions. Without the incorporation of CO₂ sorption, hydrogen production would be thermodynamically limited by the equilibrium limits in conventional reforming processes.

The second research effort is the purification line design for hydrogen separation/purification. The downstream technology under study is electrochemical compression.

We cooperate with the Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, the Institute of Thermomechanics of the CAS and the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (FIN) on these research tasks.

1. Sikarwar, V.S., Pfeifer, C., Ronsse, F., Pohořelý, M., Meers, E., Kaviti, A.K., Jeremiáš, M. Progress in in-situ CO₂-sorption for enhanced hydrogen production. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 91, 101008, (2022). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036012852200017X.  (WoS, JIF 35.339 /2021/, Q1/D1*).
2. Sikarwar, V.S., Peela, N.R., Vuppaladadiyam, A.K., Ferreira, N.L., Mašláni, A., Tomar, R., Pohořelý, M., Meers, E., Jeremiáš, M. Thermal plasma gasification of organic waste stream coupled with CO₂-sorption enhanced reforming employing different sorbents for enhanced hydrogen production. RSC Advances 12, 6122-6132, (2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA07719H. (WoS, JIF 4.036 /2021/, Q2). 

Use of CO₂ as a gasification/fluidisation medium

The research is focused on the investigation of process conditions suitable for water vapour replacement with carbon dioxide as well as CO₂ to CO conversion.

Fluidized bed generators and hybrid plasma torch or microwave torch generators are being studied for this purpose.

We cooperate on research tasks with the Institute of Chemical Processes of the CAS, the Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS and the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (FIN).

Fluidized bed gasification

1. Jeremiáš, M., Pohořelý, M., Svoboda, K., Skoblia, S., Beňo, Z., Šyc, M., CO₂ gasification of biomass: The effect of lime concentration in a fluidised bed. Applied Energy 217, 588-601, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.01.001.  (WoS, JIF 7.9 /2017/, Q1/D1*).
2. Jeremiáš, M., Pohořelý, M., Svoboda, K., Manovic, V., Anthony, E.J., Skoblia, S., Beňo, Z., Šyc, M. Gasification of biomass with CO₂ and H₂O mixtures in a catalytic fluidised bed. Fuel 210, 605-610, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.09.006. (WoS, JIF 4.601 /2016/, Q1/D1*).
3. Pohořelý, M., Jeremiáš, M., Svoboda, K., Kameníková, P., Skoblia, S., Beňo, Z. CO₂ as moderator for biomass gasification. Fuel 117, 198-205, (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.09.068.  (WoS, JIF 3.404 /2013/, Q1/D1*).
4. Svoboda, K., Pohořelý, M., Jeremiáš, M., Kameníková, P., Hartman, M., Skoblja, S., Šyc, M. Fluidized bed gasification of coal-oil and coal-water-oil slurries by oxygen-steam and oxygen-CO₂ mixtures. Fuel Processing Technology 95, 16-26, (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.11.001.  (WoS, JIF 2.945 /2011/, Q1).

Thermal plasma gasification

1. Fathi, J., Mašláni, A., Hlína, M., Lukáč, F., Mušálek, R., Jankovský, O., Lojka, M., Jiříčková, A., Skoblia, S., Mates, T., Jaafar, N.N.B., Sharma, S., Pilnaj, D., Pohořelý, M., Jeremiáš, M. Multiple benefits of polypropylene plasma gasification to consolidate plastic treatment, CO₂ utilization, and renewable electricity storage. Fuel 368, 131692, (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2024.131692. (WoS, JIF 6.7 /2023/, Q1).
2. Sikarwar, V.S., Mašláni, A., Van Oost, G., Fathi, J., Hlína, M., Mates, T., Pohořelý, M., Jeremiáš, M. Integration of thermal plasma with CCUS to valorize sewage sludge, Energy 288, 129896, (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.129896. (WoS, JIF 9.0 /2023/, Q1/D1*).
3. Sikarwar, V.S., Mašláni, A., Hlína, M., Fathi, J., Mates, T., Pohořelý, M., Meers, E., Šyc, M., Jeremiáš, M. Thermal plasma assisted pyrolysis and gasification of RDF by utilizing sequestered CO₂ as gasifying agent. Journal of CO₂ Utilization 66, 102275, (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102275. (WoS, JIF 8.321 /2021/, Q1).